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Russia's Idea After the Dissolution of the USSR. The changes of V. Putin's geopolitical thought
Martinek, Jan ; Kolenovská, Daniela (advisor) ; Svoboda, Karel (referee)
In this thesis, I examine how geopolitical ideas about the future development of the Russian Federation changed after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and how the Vladimir Putin regime has subsequently built on this debate. Using Russian political and geopolitical thought, I demonstrate that the key questions to which the Russian elite (whether intellectuals or members of the ruling class) have attempted to find answers over the past two hundred years remain relevant and continue to shape social discurs: For example, the question of how open Russia should be to foreign influences, whether it represents a European, Asian, or unique civilization, and whether the Russian nation has an exceptional, messianic mission to which it must subordinate its existence. Different schools of geopolitics have successively offered different - mutually contradictory - answers to these questions. Thus, I first present the history of the search for the Russian idea, and then, using speeches and articles delivered and written by Vladimir Putin in particular, I argue that none of these geopolitical conceptions alone fully explains the direction in which today's Russia is heading, but that in their summary they can in some way explaining the gradual changes in Putin's rhetoric and policies. Whereas earlier geopolitical...
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Insurance contracts clustering to risk homogenous groups
Martínek, Jan ; Zimmermann, Pavel (advisor) ; Justová, Iva (referee)
In the present work we study classes of homogenous policy contracts by CEIOPS definition and its specified risk characteristics. First part of the thesis study the risk measures and the methods used to measure these risks. As the main risk categories we study underwriting and reserve risk. In the second part of the thesis we analyse these classes by its risk characteristics and cluster them in homogenous groups. At the end we outline the characteristic features of each group for better understanding the result of presented cluster analysis.
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Molecular mechanism of mechanoreception in plants
Jelínková, Barbora ; Martinek, Jan (advisor) ; Fendrych, Matyáš (referee)
Plant, as sedentary organism, does not have many possibilities to physically escape it's unpleasant surroundings, instead it adapts oneself. One of many plant senses that are crucial for tracking environment changes is mechanoreception. Plant senses and differentiates between many mechanical cues, some of them affecting plant immunity and morphogenesis. The whole plant cell reacts to mechanical cues and many cellular structures are involved in mechanoreception. Any change in cell wall - a borderline between the cell and it's surroundings - is transduced to plasma membrane, then to the cytoskeleton and potentially to other structures. Concept of this cell wall-plasma membrane-cytoskeleton continuum and it's use as an instrument to illuminate molecular mechanisms of mechanoreception in plants are the key topics of my thesis.
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Mechanoreception in plants
Martinek, Jan ; Vosolsobě, Stanislav (advisor) ; Kulich, Ivan (referee)
Because of their sessile nature, plants are unable to change their location and thus they are forced to adapt as much as possible to the environment they grow in. Plants evolved the ability to sense many environmental cues, which enables them to perceive the conditions in their surroundings. One class of these stimuli are mechanical forces - from wind sways to contact with obstacles, herbivores or other plants - other mechanical stimuli are e.g. gravity or sound waves. Carnivorous or climbing plants have structures specialised for perception and rapid response to mechanical stimuli. Intriguingly, there is a less spectacular but maybe even more interesting and important response to mechanical perturbation in non-specialized plants. This thesis tries to summarize ubiquity of mechanoperception in plant kingdom and its adaptive importance for the plant life - from activation of traps, to morphological adaptation for growth at windy sites, tendril coiling in climbing plants and root navigation through obstacles in soil. In the following part, the thesis summarizes the recent knowledge of molecular processes accompanied with mechanoreception, signal transduction and integration, and response to mechanostimulation. In the last part I proppose a scheme of mechanosensing workflow from initial mechanical...
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Exeiting Situations in the Life of Afghan Refugees in the Czech Republic
Jenková, Pavla ; Hubertová, Lucie (advisor) ; Martinek, Jan (referee)
The thesis is titled "Exciting situations in the Life of afghan Refugees in Czech Republic". The main objective of the theoretical part is to present the "exciting situations" with which the Afghan Refugees are in confrontation (in their homeland, during their travel to the host country, in Czech Republic during the Asylum process, and in the Czech society) and the consequences of these situations on the psychosocial environment of the refugees. In the practical part, a questionnaire'based research is presented. This is focused on the "exciting situations" of the informants - the Afghan refugees, living in Czech Republic. The research has practically confirmed the theoretical part concerned with these "exciting situations". The end of the research is focused on comparing two studies on "exciting situations" - Iraqi refugees and Afghani ones; are there any similarities between the refugees of these two different countries? Or on contrary, differences lie ahead? The research has included so small sample of informants that it cannot be used as an objective resource. It is created to be an example to reflex and support the theoretical part of the work, and to be a theme of better understanding and introduction of the presented issues. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The development of English-language historiography of Stalinism during the Cold War
Martinek, Jan ; Kolenovská, Daniela (advisor) ; Litera, Bohuslav (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the development of historiography of Stalinism discipline in the West, its origin and fundamental milestones, in the context of international relations of the Cold War. The aim of this work is to compare the extent to which Stalinism was interpreted in the West and in the East in a similar way, and evaluate to what extent there was the same thematization and periodization. The thesis deals with the issues that were associated with various foreign policy swings of the Cold War, and analyzes how significant the legitimizing role of this discipline was in the West. The most important milestones and trends in the field are examined through a combination of historiographical interpretation and comparison of publications written by relevant researchers of this field. The thesis states that assessments of Joseph Stalin's government converged in the West and East in parallel with warming of mutual relations and alienated with their cooling, yet it cannot be argued that Western historiography of Stalinism served as a purely legitimizing tool of policy toward the East.
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Colorectal cancer and breast cancer - underestimated risks
Pechová, Pavla ; Martínek, Jan (advisor)
Colorectal cancer (CRC) and breast cancer (KP) are among the most frequently occurring cancers in our population.many However, patients are diagnosed in advanced stages diseases. Therefore, in our country established national prevention programs, consisting of regular preventive examinations (mammography, stool for hidden blood or colonoscopy). It is not known what is the awareness and part of the target population in individual programs.
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Gastrointestinal tract dysfunction in critical ill patients
Balihar, Karel ; Matějovič, Martin (advisor) ; Kula, Roman (referee) ; Martínek, Jan (referee)
Multiorgan dysfunction syndrom is the major driving pathophysiological mechanism of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Gastrointestinal dysfunction usually develops as a result critical illness and it is believed to play a key role in the development and progression of multiple organ dysfunction. Moreover, any primary disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, if severe enough, can lead to a critical state and secondary multiorgan dyfunction. Despite intensive experimental and clinical research, reliable tools for monitoring and evaluation of the severity of gastrointestinal dysfunction remain unknown. In the same line, therapy of this complex pathology remains largely supportive. The aim of this thesis was first to explain the severity of the most common and most serious nosocomial infection of the digestive tract, second to elucidate the safety and effectiveness of the endoscopic dual enteral probe insertion in ventilated critically ill patients, and, third to evaluate new diagnostic tools of the gastrointestinal dysfunction. Finally, we present an ongoing project aimed at investigating esophageal dysfunction in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients.
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