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Effect of surface of semiconductor nanocrystals on their properties: investigation by laser spectroscopy
Preclíková, Jana ; Malý, Petr (advisor) ; Franc, Jan (referee)
The topic of the diploma thesis is chemical treatment of the surfaces of semiconductor nanocrystals CdS and CdSe in the form of thin nanocrystalline films prepared by chemical bath deposition. The evolution of photoluminescence and absorption spectra was investigated under treatment by water, toluene, butylamine, pyridine and hydrogen peroxide. The strongest changes were observed by samples soaked in water, pyridine and aqueous solution of pyridine. The observed effects were explained by partly dissolving of nanocrystals by water and affecting behaviour of photoexcited holes in the presence of the strong hole acceptor pyridine. The second part of this diploma thesis deals with photochromic properties of silver nanoparticles in a titanium oxide matrix. The photochromic behaviour of the samples was examined in detail. A phenomenological model of photochromic changes was suggested in analogy with the hole burning spectroscopy. In order to better understand the microscopic processes in this composite material other experiments were realized - e.g. samples were UV irradiated, or laser illuminated under lowered air pressure, pump & probe experiment. Under laser irradiation optical extinction of some nanoparticles was decreased. Simultaneously, changes of plasmon resonances of the rest of nanoparticels were...
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Ultrafast laser spectroscopy of semiconductors
Popelář, Tomáš ; Malý, Petr (advisor) ; Oswald, Jiří (referee) ; Žídek, Karel (referee)
This Ph. D. thesis is focused on the study of modern semiconductor materials, diamond, and silicon nanocrystals, by methods of laser spectroscopy. A new experimental setup, the generator of mid-infrared laser pulses, was built to study diamond in detail. With its help, we observed the dynamics of high-density excited carriers, their condensation into electron-hole liquid, and their interaction with light around their plasma frequency. Thanks to the high sensitivity of these measurements on the excited carrier temperature we could observe the thermalisation dynamics which was described by the quantum theory of free carrier absorption. In the doped silicon nanocrystals embedded into SiO2 matrix, we studied the potential presence of free carriers which could be used to create a PN junction. We also found an important recombination channel in these samples which manifests at high excitation intensities. We identified its origin and described its interaction with nanocrystals. At last, we analyzed the influence of incorporated boron atoms on the distribution of decay times according to the emitted wavelength.
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Femtosecond absorption spectroscopy for study of stimulated emission
Streshkova, Neli ; Malý, Petr (advisor) ; Zukerstein, Martin (referee)
The aim of the thesis is the building and optimization of an experimental setup for me- asuring the transient transmission and optical gain by the femtosecond pump and probe technique. The setup combines the technology of parametric generation of pump pulses with tunable wavelength and the generation of femtosecond continuum as a spectrally wide probe. In the thesis, conditions of supercontinuum generation in bulk fused silica are extensively studied from a practical viewpoint. The performance of the setup was tested on two types of samples: the solution of rhodamine 6G in methanol and the semiconduc- tor nanocrystalline sample - CdSSe-doped glass. Time resolved spectra of the transient transmission of both samples were measured and the spectral dependence of the optical gain in rhodmine 6G was obtained. 1
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Information System for Conference Planning
Malý, Petr ; Zavoral, Filip (advisor) ; Čermák, Miroslav (referee)
The subject of this thesis is to design and implement an information system usable in the area of science conferences. The work introduces the reader into issue that had to be solved during the development. It will also familiarise the reader with application's structure and give the instructions for use. The program allows the user to gather and manipulate information about science conferences. The system also allows managing assignment of monetary resources and their connections with individual conferences. Therefore, it offers creation of monetary resources overviews.
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Interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with semiconductor nanostructures
Preclíková, Jana ; Malý, Petr (advisor) ; Potůček, Zdeněk (referee) ; Oswald, Jiří (referee)
The thesis is devoted to the optical spectroscopy (photoluminescence, transmission, ultrafast photoluminescence) of nanocrystalline diamond films and silver nanoparticles in titanium dioxide matrix. We studied the influence of the laser irradiation on optical properties of both materials under various conditions. Nanocrystalline diamond exhibits strong subpicosecond and picosecond photoluminescence parameters of which (intensity and decay rate) change with the laser irradiation and ambient air pressure. The effects are accompanied by a change in optical thicknesses of the nanocrystalline diamond films. We assigned the phenomena to light induced adsorption processes which influence the subgap states originating from surface and grainboundaries atoms. We implemented and optimized the preparation technique of the nanocomposite Ag-TiO2films exhibiting the multicolour photochromic effect. The analysis of the initial stages of the photochromic transformation revealed that during the laser irradiation the plasmon frequency of the resonating silver nanoparticles was blue shifted. The photoluminescence spectroscopy confirmed an increase in number of the Ag+ ions during the photochromic transformation. The photoluminescnece of the nanocrystalline TiO2 is due to the two types of radiative transitions: the...
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Ultrafast spectroscopy of hybrid nanosystems
Galář, Pavel ; Malý, Petr (advisor) ; Herynková, Kateřina (referee) ; Vrňata, Martin (referee)
Title: Ultrafast spectroscopy of hybrid nanosystems Author: RNDr. Pavel Galář Department: Department of Chemical Physics and Optics Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Petr Malý, DrSc. Abstract: This Ph. D. thesis is focused on physical phenomena located at the interface of hybrid nanostructure composed of polycrystalline diamond and polymer polypyrrole. The main method used in our experimental study was ultrafast laser spectroscopy that allowed us to gain new findings about electron recombination processes in polycrystalline diamond layers, polypyrrole and in their hybrid structures. The research was focused on mutual influence of both components, especially through energy and charge transfer. In the first step of our research we carried out optical characterisation of different kinds of polypyrrole and complex study of recombination processes dynamics of photoexcited charge carriers in polycrystalline diamond. The measurements were realized by the methods of time-resolved photoluminescence and transmission spectroscopy in the time scale from picoseconds to milliseconds. On the basis of the obtained results the model explaining the origin of luminescence signal related to the different kinds of electron recombination processes in non- diamond phase and on surface defects of diamond grains in polycrystalline layers was...
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The role of ORMDL proteins in mast cell signaling
Paulenda, Tomáš ; Dráber, Petr (advisor) ; Heneberg, Petr (referee) ; Malý, Petr (referee)
1. Abstract (EN) This thesis is collection of work focused mainly on the understanding of mast cell activation and its regulation by Orm1-like (ORMDL) proteins. ORMDL family is a group of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane resident proteins that are highly conserved amongst mammalian species. ORMDL proteins can be found in diverse range of organisms from plants through fungi to animals. ORMDL proteins were first discovered in yeasts and the interest in these proteins skyrocketed after the discovery that ORMDL3 is associated with childhood onset asthma in genome wide association studies. Following research connected ORMDL3 also with allergic inflammation and inflammatory bowel disease. Since mast cells are mainly known for their role in allergy and allergen induced inflammation, we decided to investigate the role of ORMDL proteins in regulation of mast cell activation and signaling. In our first study we focused on the role of ORMDL3 in mast cell activation via the high affinity IgE receptor 1 (FcεRI). We prepared bone marrow-derived mast cells with decreased (ORMDL3-KD) or increased (ORMDL3-OE) ORMDL3 expression. We showed that ORMDL3 is a negative regulator of mast cell activation events like degranulation, cytokine release and migration, without any effect on calcium mobilization. ORMDL3 was previously...
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