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Effect of selected physical-geographical factors on the snow accumulation and snow melt
Pevná, Hana ; Jeníček, Michal (advisor) ; Langhammer, Jakub (referee)
Effect of selected physical-geographical factors on the snow accumulation and snow melt Abstract: This master thesis analyzes the influence of physical-geographical factors on spatial distribution of snow water equivalent, and its evolution. In this work, emphasis is placed on describing the influence of vegetation, aspect and altitude. Measurement was carried out in experimental catchments Zlatý Brook and Bystřice River in western part of the Ore Mountains in winters 2008/2009, 2009/2010, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012. To evaluate the influence of these factors on value of snow water equivalent there was used one of the methods of multivariate statistical analysis - cluster analysis. The research shows that the greatest influence on the distribution and evolution of snow water equivalent in the experimental basins has vegetation and some dependency was proved also between the points of southern exposure. The measurement results demonstrate the suitability of cluster analysis for analyzing the data of point values of snow water equivalent. On the other hand the results showed the main limits of this method, especially the need for a large number of points with different characteristics. The results of measurements and statistical analysis are compared with results published in technical literature. Keywords: snow...
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Impact of forest disturbance and management on surface runoff
Šmrhová, Zuzana ; Langhammer, Jakub (advisor) ; Váňová, Věra (referee)
Impact of forest disturbance and management on surface runoff Abstract The main aim of this work is to evaluate the current national and foreign literature regarding the impact of the forest disturbance and the forest management on runoff process. The disturbance and methodology, which is used for evaluation of their impact on runoff, is described in the research part of this work. The work is applied to model locations in the central part of umava Mountains, where is mapped and described the health status of the forest for the individual river basins. The scope of this work is to evaluate the behaviour of selected model basins during precipitation situations and demonstrate the influence of the forest health status on character of the flow. Key words: forest, disturbance, management, land use, runoff, GIS
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Analysis and modelling the changes of water quality in the Olšava river basin.
Kaiglová, Jana ; Langhammer, Jakub (advisor) ; Kliment, Zdeněk (referee)
The main goal of the thesis is to create an accurate model of the current state of water quality modelling in the river basin. The basin of the Olšava River, as found in the bachelor thesis "Analysis of Water Quality in the Basin", is polluted with large concentrations of total phosphorus PTot. The master thesis analyses sources of nutrients in the basin that is mainly listed in the vulnerable areas indentified under the Nitrates Directive 91/676/EEC, on the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources. For the water resources management and environmental policy is crucial to recognize distribution of pollution sources throughout main categories. The thesis is concerned with the seasonal variability of the average mass concentrations along the river channel. Broadly used mathematical modelling software of water quality is discussed in the sense of reliability, availability and user interface. Last but not least is a suggestion of two improvements of the water quality based on the MIKE Basin modelling software. The main aim of these proposals is to be realistic in the economical and environmental sense. Proposals consider both in point and non-point sources. Key words: Mathematical modelling, MIKE Basin, Water Quality, Water Quality models, Hydrology, Olšava
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Analysis and dynamics of the fluvila system of the Roklanský and Javoří brook
Skrčená, Lucie ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Langhammer, Jakub (referee)
This thesis is focused on fluvial dynamics in gravel bed mountain stream. As model basin was chosen Roklanský brook catchment in Šumava mountains, some methods was used on a part of its tributary Javoří brook. We wanted to make an analysis of Roklanský brook catchment by characteristics and course of channel, river floodplain and fluvial erosion and accumulation forms, to find context and factors natural and anthropogenic influenced character and dynamics of the fluvial system. There were used methods based on field mapping channels and fluvial forms, grain size distribution, lidar data, historical aerial photos by 1949 to 2015, bankfull discharge and study old maps and other historical documents from archives. The results show that fluvial system of Roklanský brook has high rate of dynamics. We get known that placement of accumulation and erosion forms relates with longitudinal slope of channel and geological forms. The train of channel changes often, in past according to anthropogenic intervention. In floodplain of Javoří brook is a lot of potential channels. We get known height of water level which causes significant channel changes. Key words: gravel bed streams, fluvial dynamics, field mapping, historical aerial photos, lidar data, bankfull discharge, historical maps, Šumava mountains,...
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Impact of forest disturbances on the runoff in the central Sumava Mts.
Bartůňková, Kristýna ; Langhammer, Jakub (advisor) ; Jeníček, Michal (referee)
Impact of forrest disturbance on the runoff in the central Šumava Mts. ABSTRACT The diploma thesis deals with the influence of forest disturbance, as for example wind and bark beetle calamities, to the runoff characteristics in the central Šumava Mountains. The analysis of five precipitation events and their runoff responses was applied to seven small experimental catchments with different stage of disturbance. Studied catchments were catchments fo Tmavý, Roklanský, Březnický, Javoří, Cikánský, Černohorský potok and Antýgl. Chosen precipitation events belong to the years 2009 and 2010 and to warm half year, when no snow cover can influence the runoff. Similarity of catchments was established by cluster analysis. For comparison of the reaction of single catchments to the same precipitation event was used simple comparison of precipitation and runoff data and waves. Key words: forest disturbance, central Šumava Mountains, rainfall-flow conditions, cluster analysis
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Hydrological processes and dynamics in the changing climate and environment: Lessons learned from multiple temporal and spatial scales
Su, Ye ; Langhammer, Jakub (advisor) ; Hanel, Martin (referee) ; van Meerveld, Hilda (referee)
Hydrological processes and dynamics in the changing climate and environment: Lessons learned from multiple temporal and spatial scales Ye Su ABSTRACT Climate change, along with the changes in land use and land cover (LULC), is the key factor driving the changes in hydrological processes and dynamics in a basin. This thesis emphasized on understanding the impact of both long-term climate change and abrupt anthropogenic driven agricultural intensification or natural driven insect-induced forest disturbance on hydrological processes and dynamics at varying spatial and temporal scales in two diverting terrestrial environment. Two pattern-based investigations, one case study in a forest region in Central Europe and another in a semi-arid region in Central Asia, were aimed to answer the main research question "what are the responses of hydrological dynamics and the related hydro-geochemical conditions to climate change and certain changes in LULC at a basin-scale?". The long-term hydro-climatic dataset was used for conducting statistical analyses and establishing hydro-climatic modelling at the basin scale. We further conducted process-based studies, attempting to understand how and why the specific hydrological dynamics were altered at smaller spatial and temporal scales: (i) a catchment-scale tracer-based...
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Modelling the runoff from snowpack in the forest and in open areas
Podzimek, Slávek ; Jeníček, Michal (advisor) ; Langhammer, Jakub (referee)
Modelling the runoff from snowpack in the forest and in open areas Abstract Spring floods are closely related to the issue of snow. It is very important to study the process of snow accumulation and snowmelt in mountainous areas, where the monitoring of the snow water equivalent throughout the winter season is carried out. Snow water equivalent indicates the amount of water bounded in the snow, and therefore it represents a potential danger during snow-melt. The thesis is dealing with snowmelt processes and particularly with the impact of vegetation on the runoff process during snowmelt. The lumped rainfall-runoff model HEC- HMS was used for the modelling. Modelling of snowmelt runoff was carried out by means of degree-day method. The model was applied on the Zlatý Brook catchment in the Ore Mountains. The degree-day method is very sophisticated method and takes into account the snowmelt dynamics during precipitation and snowmelt in the period without any precipitation. The method takes into account the effect of heat emitted by the Earth's surface. The method tries to capture the overall energy balance of snowpack by means of air temperature. The model simulated the evolution of snow water equivalent and discharge in the winter 2009/2010. Simulated discharges were compared with observed ones. After model...
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