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Effect of global climate change on hydrological patterns in headwater catchments
Lamačová, Anna ; Hruška, Jakub (advisor) ; Tesař, Miroslav (referee) ; Kalvová, Jaroslava (referee)
The aims of this theses were (i) to evaluate trends in spring yields in the Czech Republic (period 1971-2007) and trends in runoff from small forested catchments of the GEOMON network during the period 1994-2011, (ii) evaluate the impact of climate change on streamwater chemistry in acid-sensitive catchment (Lysina), and (iii) estimate the impact of anticipated climate change projected according to different CO2 emission scenarios on flow patterns forested (GEOMON) and alpine headwater (Skalnaté Lake) catchments in the periods 2021-2050 and 2071-2100. Significant negative trends on the annual level were observed at 18% of springs while positive trends at only less than 0.5% of 157 tested objects and 4 of 18 regions revealed significant decreasing trend. To these regions belonged the zones of Carpathian Cretaceous and Paleogene sediments in the southeast and northeast of the Czech Republic, the zones of tertiary and Cretaceous basins in the southeast and Proterozoic and Paleozoic crystalline rocks in the central part of the Czech Republic. Most spring yields were decreasing within the summer months June- August (on average 24%) and least between February and April (on average 15%) (Paper I). There were no general patterns found indicating either significant increases or decreases in runoff on either...
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Projections of future water-energy-vegetation regimes at the Lysina catchment, Czech Republic
Lamačová, Anna ; Yu, X. ; Duffy, Ch. ; Krám, Pavel ; Hruška, Jakub ; Farda, Aleš
Hydrologic models represent useful tools for the understanding of forest hydrological functions. At the Lysina Critical Zone Observatory (50°03’ N, 12°40’ E; area 0.293 km2), a forest catchment in the western Czech Republic, a distributed physics-based hydrologic model, the Penn State Integrated Hydrologic Model (PIHM), was used to simulate long-term hydrological change under forest management practices, and to evaluate the comparative scenarios of the hydrological consequences under anticipated climate change. Stand age-adjusted LAI (leaf area index) curves were generated from an empirical relationship to represent changes in seasonal tree growth. By considering the age-adjusted LAI, the spatially distributed model was able to successfully simulate the integrated hydrologic response from snow melt, recharge, evapotranspiration, groundwater levels, soil moisture and streamfl ow, as well as spatial patterns of each hydrologic state and fl ux variables. Corrected climatic data from the ALADIN-Climate/CZ regional climate model with SRES A1B scenario and diff erent forest age categories (Norway spruce monoculture) were used for projection of hydrologic pattern shift at the study site in the future (2025–2050, 2071–2100). Th e model projections suggested that that the decrease in mean annual runoff would be from 422 mm (observed in 1990–2011) to 361 mm (2021–2100) and 345 mm (2071–2100) with notable changes in seasonal patterns represented by a runoff decrease in the spring and summer months.
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