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LDA measurements and turbulence spectral analysis in an agitated vessel
Kysela, Bohuš ; Konfršt, Jiří ; Chára, Zdeněk
During the last years considerable improvement of the derivation of turbulence power spectrum from Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) has been achieved. The irregularly sampled LDA data is proposed to approximate by several methods e.g. Lomb-Scargle method, which estimates amplitude and phase of spectral lines from missing data, methods based on the reconstruction of the auto-correlation function (referred to as correlation slotting technique), methods based on the reconstruction of the time series using interpolation between the uneven sampling and subsequent resampling etc. These different methods were used on the LDA data measured in an agitated vessel and the results of the power spectrum calculations were compared. The measurements were performed in the mixing vessel with flat bottom. The vessel was equipped with four baffles and agitated with a six-blade pitched blade impeller. Three values of the impeller speed (Reynolds number) were tested. Long time series of the axial velocity component were measured in selected points. In each point the time series were analyzed and evaluated in a form of power spectrum.
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Simulation of flow and dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy in an agitated vessel
Kysela, Bohuš ; Skočilas, J. ; Konfršt, Jiří ; Chára, Zdeněk
Velocity field and distribution of dissipation rate are key parameters for design of mixing apparatuses. In this contribution we compared the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) calculations with results of mean ensemble-averaged velocities measured by LDA (Laser Doppler Anemometry) and with results of derived dissipation rates where the total dissipation rate was used as control value. The comparison showed that the neither k-ε model (based on isotropic turbulence) nor RSM (Reynolds Stress Model) did not calculate the velocities in regions where the trailing vortices are developed (near impeller blade edges etc.) and in a region of main stream of the impeller where the flow is strongly anisotropic quite accurately. Similar discrepancies were observed for the dissipation rate; moreover the lower values of dissipation rate are also calculated in bulk volume of mixing vessel. Generally, the total dissipation rate results from the CFD calculations are lower then the real values. This is in an agreement with other published results.
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Coarse-particles conveying in pipes
Vlasák, Pavel ; Kysela, Bohuš ; Chára, Zdeněk
Flow behavior of coarse-grained slurry depends generally on particle size, shape, density and concentration. The present paper describes the results of experimental investigation of the model coarse-grained slurries on the pipe loop of inner diameter 36 mm with smooth pipes. Graded pebble gravel and glass balls conveyed in water were studied. Research was focused on evaluation of the effect of slurry velocity and concentration on hydraulic gradient versus slurry velocity relationship and the slurry flow behavior. Particle distribution in the pipe vertical cross section and motion of particles along the pipe bottom were studied in a transparent pipe section.
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Initial velocities of free-settling spherical particle
Chára, Zdeněk ; Kysela, Bohuš
The paper deals with experimental research of the initial phase of free-settling spherical particle which density is close to the density of water. The experiments were carried out with a smooth particle as well as with a particle with a rough surface. The obtained results show that in the initial phase of sedimentation, there is a formation of vortex structures, which are reflected in the increase of resistance in coefficient values.
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Approximation of velocity distribution in open channel flow
Ivanova, Irina ; Vlasák, Pavel ; Chára, Zdeněk ; Kysela, Bohuš
The paper deals with approximation of spatial distribution of mean downstream velocity of sub-critical turbulent flow in an open rectangular channel with rough bed. New formulae of the local downstream velocity component Vx(y, z) dependence on the vertical coordinate y and lateral coordinate z were introduced. The vertical velocity profile was approximated by log-law and the power law was used to describe the effect of channel walls on the horizontal velocity profile. The suggested formulae of spatial downstream velocity component distribution were calibrated and verified using the experimental data obtained by PIV method. The proposed approximation is in good agreement with experimental data, the difference between experimental and calculated data is in range of 5 - 10% except the area near the channel’s corners and water level, where the maximal difference reaches 60% and 30% of experimental values, respectively.
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Free surface flow in a swirl separator
Chára, Zdeněk ; Kysela, Bohuš
The paper is focused on the numerical solution of the flow in a separator of the swirl geometry with the free water level. Together with the numerical simulations results of the first experimental series are shown, too. Measured shapes of the free surface levels are compared with the numerical simulations in a dependency of different conditions of discharge inlets and outlets. ANSYS Fluent 6.3 was used for the numerical simulations and ANSYS Gambit 2.4 was used for the mesh design.
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