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Pathophysiological characterization of autoimmune bullous skin diseases
Krabcová, Jana ; Arenbergerová, Monika (advisor) ; Kuklová, Ivana (referee) ; Salavec, Miloslav (referee)
SOUHRN DISERTAČNÍ PRÁCE V ANGLICKÉM JAZYCE Autoimmune bullous diseases are severe and chronic conditions, which involve skin and mucosal surface. The etiology is unknown. The specific antibodies against structural components of cellular adhesions molecules of epidermis, at the dermal-epidermal junctions or at the basement membrane zone, are characteristic. The connection between antibodies and targeted antigens leads to cell-cell or cell-matrix discontinuity, which develops into blister formation. Intraepidermal disruption is typical for pemphigus diseases, dermo-epidermal (sub- epidermal) blistering process is specific for pemphigoid diseases. Detection of specific autoantibodies either tissue-bound or circulating in serum is essential to diagnose autoimmune nature of autoimmune bullous disease. The specific antibodies for bullous pemphigoid against the hemidesmosomal antigens BP 180, BP 230 are seen, which connect the basal keratinocytes to basement membrane. The correct diagnosis is based on positivity of minimally 2 markers - histological proof, detecting of tissue- bound antibody Immunoglobulin G and C3 component of complement at the basement membrane zone by direct immunofluorescence, detection of circulating Immonoglobulin G by indirect imunofluorescence on the monkey or rabbit esophagus or...
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Antifungal resistance mechanisms in dermatophytes
Kolarczyková, Daniela ; Hubka, Vít (advisor) ; Kuklová, Ivana (referee)
For the treatment of superficial fungal infections (dermatophytosis) is available a wide spectrum of antifungals from various chemical groups. These antifungals are mainly focused on various steps of ergosterol synthesis, thereby disrupting the cell membrane (allylamine, azole and morpholine antifungals) and on microtubule function (benzofuran antifungals). Despite the fact that the treatment of dermatophytosis is often associated with long-term exposure of the fungus to antifungals (weeks or months), until recently antifungal resistance in dermatophytes has been considered rare. However, current studies have shown the incidence of chronic infections, reinfection and treatment failures due to emerging resistance to some commonly used antifungals. The most serious problem today is the spread of resistance to terbinafine where the molecular principles are founded in the structural changes in the squalene epoxidase enzyme (SQLE). The increase in the incidence of this and other resistances is currently alarming especially in India, while the situation in Europe and America is in terms of dermatophyte susceptibility still quite favorable. The aim of this thesis is to summarize our knowledge of antifungal resistance in dermatophytes and their molecular principles. The thesis further summarizes the...
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Pathophysiological characterization of autoimmune bullous skin diseases
Krabcová, Jana ; Arenbergerová, Monika (advisor) ; Kuklová, Ivana (referee) ; Salavec, Miloslav (referee)
SOUHRN DISERTAČNÍ PRÁCE V ANGLICKÉM JAZYCE Autoimmune bullous diseases are severe and chronic conditions, which involve skin and mucosal surface. The etiology is unknown. The specific antibodies against structural components of cellular adhesions molecules of epidermis, at the dermal-epidermal junctions or at the basement membrane zone, are characteristic. The connection between antibodies and targeted antigens leads to cell-cell or cell-matrix discontinuity, which develops into blister formation. Intraepidermal disruption is typical for pemphigus diseases, dermo-epidermal (sub- epidermal) blistering process is specific for pemphigoid diseases. Detection of specific autoantibodies either tissue-bound or circulating in serum is essential to diagnose autoimmune nature of autoimmune bullous disease. The specific antibodies for bullous pemphigoid against the hemidesmosomal antigens BP 180, BP 230 are seen, which connect the basal keratinocytes to basement membrane. The correct diagnosis is based on positivity of minimally 2 markers - histological proof, detecting of tissue- bound antibody Immunoglobulin G and C3 component of complement at the basement membrane zone by direct immunofluorescence, detection of circulating Immonoglobulin G by indirect imunofluorescence on the monkey or rabbit esophagus or...
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