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Role of Homocysteine in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis
Králová, Dagmar ; Kraml, Pavel (advisor)
This theme was chosen because although atherosclerosis, or its clinical consequences, is one of the leading causes of death in our society, awareness of other risk factors than those the most famous is relatively small, which leads to frequent errors. on the following lines I will try to present current knowledge about the impact and the effects of homocysteine, one of the "minor" risk factors that is starting to enjoy more and more attention.
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Peritoneal dialysis and its impact on the quality of patient's life
Králová, Dana ; Nikodemová, Hana (advisor) ; Forejt, Julius (referee)
In my thesis, I have focused on health-related quality of life in patients treated for renal failure with ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The I st theoretical part of my thesis summarizes information on Anatomy and Physiology of kidneys as well as on common renal diseases and their diagnostic and therapelltic algorithms. It also describes two modes of dialysis, e. i. peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis, and basic principles of kidney transplantation. Clear and detailed education of patients treated with peritoneal dialysis is one of the important factors that positively inf1uence patients' compliance and adherence to therapy. Well-organized psychosocial SllppOrt contriblltes to their increased qllality of life. The 2nd practical part explains the goal of my thesis, the primary hypothesis and final results. The qucstionnaire used in my study covers various moments of everyday living that may cause difficulties to di alysed pati n1s. One part of the fom1 focuses directly on activ ities and problems accociated with peritoneal dialysis. Basic description of the group of inq uired patients is also inc luded. The end of the thesis contains final conclusions and summaries of my research. Eventhough the group of patients included in my research is not large, I hope to ha ve succeeded in demonstrating inportant...
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Use of Interest Rate Models for Interest Rate Risk Management in the Czech Financial Market Environment
Cíchová Králová, Dana ; Arlt, Josef (advisor) ; Cipra, Tomáš (referee) ; Witzany, Jiří (referee)
The main goal of this thesis is to suggest an appropriate approach to interest rate risk modeling in the Czech financial market environment in various situations. Three distinct periods are analyzed. These periods, which are the period before the global financial crisis, period during the financial crisis and in the aftermath of the global financial crisis and calming subsequent debt crisis in the eurozone, are characterized by different evaluation of liquidity and credit risk, different relationship between financial variables and market participants and different degree of market regulations. Within this goal, an application of the BGM model in the Czech financial market environment is crucial. Use of the BGM model for the purpose of predicting a dynamics of a yield curve is not very common. This is firstly due to the fact that primary use of this model is a valuation of interest rate derivatives while ensuring the absence of arbitrage and secondly its application is relatively difficult. Nevertheless, I apply the BGM model to obtain predictions of the probability distributions of interest rates in the Czech and eurozone market environment, because its complexity, direct modeling of a yield curve based on market rates and especially a possibility of parameter estimation based on current swaptions volatilities quotations may lead to a significant improvement of predictions. This improvement was also confirmed in this thesis. Use of swaptions volatilities market quotations is especially useful in the period of unprecedented mone- tary easing and increased number of central banks and other regulators interventions into financial markets that occur after the financial crisis, because it reflects current market expectations which also include future interventions. As a consequence of underdevelopment of the Czech financial market there are no market quotations of Czech koruna denominated swaptions volatilities. I suggest their approximations based on quotations of euro denominated swaptions volatilities and also using volatilities of koruna and euro forward rates. Use of this approach ensures that predictions of the Czech yield curve dynamics contain current market expectations. To my knowledge, any other author has not presented similar application of the BGM model in the Czech financial market environment. In this thesis I further predict a Czech and Euro area money market yield curve dynamics using the CIR and the GP models as representatives of various types of interest rates models to compare these predictions with BGM predictions. I suggest a comprehensive system of three criteria, based on comparison of predicti- ons with reality, to describe a predictive power of selected models and an appropria- teness of their use in the Czech market environment during different situations in the market. This analysis shows that predictions of the Czech money market yield curve dynamics based on the BGM model demonstrate high predictive power and the best 8 quality in comparison with other models. GP model also produces relatively good qua- lity predictions. Conversely, predictions based on the CIR model as a representative of short rate model family completely failed when describing reality. In a situation when the economy allows negative rates and there is simultaneously a significant likelihood of their implementation, I recommend to obtain predictions of Czech money market yield curve dynamics using GP model which allows existence of negative interest rates. This analysis also contains a statistical test for validating the predictive power of each model and information on other tests. Berkowitz test rejects a hypothesis of accurate predictions for each model. However, this fact is common in real data testing even when using relatively good model. This fact is especially caused by difficult fulfilment of test conditions in real world. To my knowledge, such an analysis of the predictive power of selected interest rate models moreover in the Czech financial market environment has not been published yet. The last goal of this thesis is to suggest an appropriate approach to obtaining pre- dictions of Czech government bonds risk premium dynamics. I define this risk premium as a difference between government bond yields and fixed rate of CZK IRS with the same length. I apply the GP model to describe the dynamics of this indicator of the Czech Republic credit risk. In order to obtain a time series of the risk premium which are necessary for estimation of GP model parameters I firstly estimate yield curves of Czech government bonds using Svensson model for each trading day since 2005. Resulting si- mulations of risk premium show that the GP model predicts the real development of risk premiums of all maturities relatively well. Hence, the proposed approach is suitable for modeling of Czech Republic credit risk based on the use of information extracted from financial markets. I have not registered proposed approach to risk premium modeling moreover in the Czech financial market environment in other publications.
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Structure of the population by sex - world and specific regions
KRÁLOVÁ, Daniela
Main aim of this work is to chart and show the differences in structure of population by gender in the world and in chosen regions (China, India). First part is theoretical, there are explained key notions of this topic and the way show we can analyze the structure of population by gender and how to show and prove it. Method of masculinity and feminity is used to analyze differences in structure of population by gender. Other parts are divided into five sections. First shows structure of gender in the world by continents and regions. In this chapter there are also shown states with the highest rate of men and women and also top ten of these categories. Second chapter looks at the differences between developed and developing world, Burundi and Germany are picked as examples. Third part is focused on China, which is interesting due to one child policy and now there are much more men over women. Fourth chapter is dedicated to population of India where thanks to religious beliefs and established patriarchal traditions is the difference between men and women around 37 millions. Last chapter is focused on the situation in Czech republic and Slovakia and comparison of the two countries themselves. All of the map attachments were created using GIS software.
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