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Health risks of childbearing postponement
Vlachová, Tereza ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fait, Tomáš (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on the issue of women delaying pregnancy and parenthood to later in life. The aim of this thesis is to map out the health risks related to pregnancies in mothers who are over 35 years old, to find out the reasons for the later in life pregnancy and whether women realize the health risks associated. The thesis describes the health risks resulting from pregnancies in older women at the time of the birth and using the method of linear regression to analyze the dependence of the mother age of 35 or higher on the low birth weight of the live birth. Further, the issue of postponing pregnancy and motherhood is examined from women's point of view in more detail through the method of semistructured interviews, especially the reasons for delaying pregnancy and information about health risks. The results show that with women, who become pregnant at an older age, there is a certain increase in health risks; however, generally women are not very well informed about these complications. Keywords: fertility, fertility timing, health risks
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Changing patterns of marital and reproductive behavior of young women in the urban settlement (on the example of Ust-Kamenogorsk, East Kazakhstan oblast, Kazakhstan)
Karmenova, Zhaniya ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee) ; Fiala, Tomáš (referee)
Changing patterns of marital and reproductive behavior of young women in the urban settlement (on the example of Ust-Kamenogorsk, East Kazakhstan oblast, Kazakhstan) Abstract This study primarily addresses nuptiality and fertility patterns among youth in East Kazakhstan region. The data are obtained from censuses, vital statistics and two surveys "Marital and reproductive behavior of young women in Ust-Kamenogorsk" conducted in 2009 and 2016. The survey data collection has been supported by Center of International programs of Kazakhstan "Bolashak" and Charles University in Prague. The thesis examines demographic behaviours of two main ethnicities (Kazakh and Russian) in East Kazakhstan oblast and influence of such factors like ethnicity, education, place of residence and socio- economic conditions on their marital and reproductive behaviour. East Kazakhstan oblast, compared with other regions of Kazakhstan, has lower birth and marriage rates, higher divorce rates, higher share of non-native ethnicities residing in urban areas and higher proportion of female workers employed in the industrial sector. The author tries to evaluate the importance of marriage to young females and its relation to their reproductive and marital behaviour. The general tendency observed from the conducted survey was that young women...
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Population development and emigration of Maghreb's countries
Vokatá, Petra ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
Population development and emigration of Maghreb's countries Abstract The main aim of diploma thesis is to map the migratory situation and trends of all area since 1990 up to the present in context of the population development in region of Maghreb's countries. This all is in connection with the population growth of the states - natural and total. Apart from the analysis of the whole Maghreb as one unit, the demographic parameters are in detail assessed on the example Tunisia. It is estimated that migratory streams of the inhabitants of North Africa's countries are largely directed to Europe. The analasis is focused on the breakdown of the target countries, emigrants and on changes during the reporting period. The analasis uses conventional demographic indicators, its own methods of processing often difficult available data at the same time and empirical investigation. The initial basis of analyzing given issues show the theoretical conception of population development in Arabic countries, with emphasis on demographic transition and dependent migratory transition. Analysis revealed that none of Maghreb's countries has not yet completed demographic transition, the second stage of the demographic transition since 2000 suspended. Keywords: migration, migratory trends, population development, population growth,...
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Family Policy of Scandinavian Countries: Similarities and Differences
Vykoukalová, Helena ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
The diploma thesis, Family Policy of Scandinavian Countries: Similarities and Differences, is focused on comparison of family policy, fertility development and public opinion on family support in Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland. The thesis follows up development of family policy from the first half of 20th century and sets it into the historical context. It aims the attention to measurements related to pre-school children. Fertility is analysed by mean age of mother at birth, birth order and marital status of mother. Public opinions of family are based on International Social Survey Programme and analysed using chi-square test and binary logistic regression. We focused on differences among citizens by demographic characteristics in each state as well as among the states. The purpose of the thesis is to analyse development of family policy of Scandinavian states, discover the main similarities and differences, and decide whether countries meet the requirements of Scandinavian model by Esping-Andersen's typology (1990). Despite of the differences in development of family policy, Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland represent Scandinavian model. Fertility postponement, later start of family, and increasing proportion of children born outside marriage is characteristic to all of the states. As...
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Trends in nuptiality in European countries since 1960
Dvořáková, Andrea ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Šťastná, Anna (referee)
Development of Nuptiality in European countries since 1960 Abstract The aim of this thesis is to assess the development of marriage since 1960 and determine whether there has been convergence of nuptial behavior in European Union countries along with Switzerland and Norway. Convergence of nuptial behavior was evaluated, primarily on the basis of intensity indicator and the timing of marriage. The results show that the extension of the second demographic transition in all countries brings similar trends like reducing the intensity of marriage and postponement of marriage to a later age. Four countries were selected, the Czech Republic, Finland, France and Hungary. In these countries, convergence of nuptial behavior since 1990 were more analyzed. Development of attitudes towards marriage was studied in order to find out how the value changes contributed to changes in marriage behavior as suggested by the second demographic transition. In the Czech Republic and Hungary opinions have changed the most when it comes to marriage. The most liberal state was France and on the other hand, marriage in Finland was still attractive. These results correspond well with the development of marriage in individual states. Finally, using binary logistic regression we identified characteristics of people that increase the...
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Fertility changes in the context of gender revolution with focus on the man's role in the family in the Czech Republic
Koudelka, Pavel ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Zvára, Karel (referee) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
Title: Fertility changes in the context of gender revolution with focus on the man's role in the family in the Czech republic Author: Mgr. Pavel Koudelka Department: Department of Demography and Geodemography Statistics Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Jitka Rychtaříková, CSc. Abstract: Profound changes are occurring in the relations between men and women in European families and societies, a transformation that is referred to as the 'gender revolution'. Considering the unprecedented drop in fertility, some important questions may be asked: in a more egalitarian society/family, could we expect a rise in the birth rate? Does men's participation in housework and child- care have an impact on the number of children born (in a family)? Czech society is slowly adapting to gender equality, but this is more apparent in the general mood and opinions than in the reality of households and families. We drew on two waves of a panel study Generations & Gender Survey (GGS) performed in the Czech republic and compared the information about the real involvement of men in households in which (a number of) children were born in between the waves. This is an advantage of GGS over similar studies: we have information about real- ity, real facts, and not only values and attitudes to gender equality or the number of children a...
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The development of the birth rate and preschool education in the Czech Republic after 1950
Křesťanová, Jana ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
The development of the birth rate and preschool education in the Czech Republic after 1950 Abstract The main aim of the thesis is to map in detail the development of preschool education and financial support for families with children in the Czech Republic in the context of the development of birth rate after 1950. The development of birth rate in the thesis is not only analyzed by using basic indicators, but also through deeper decomposition methods. It turns out, that quality and availability of all network preschool institutions in the context has a certain role in the birth rate. The reconciliation of work and family is very important for lots of parents and sufficient offer of preschool care can help it. However, the demand for preschool institutions exceeded supply, as was shown in accordance with obtained data. It was also found out by the insight into the outcomes of surveys that the vast majority of respondents do not think that a preschool child of working mother would be suffering. In the future, should not only expand the capacity of childcare facilities as well as other options for facilitation of reconciling work and family life, such as better offer of flexible working hours. Keywords: birth rate, decomposition, preschool facilities, financial support for families with children, surveys,...
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Family policy of Královéhradecký region in the context of population development
Hlávko, Petr ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
The main objective of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate the Conception of family policy in Kralovéhradecký region for the period 2012-2016. At first bachelor thesis contains theoretical basis of family policy at national and regional level, then it evaluates issued Conception of selected region according to foundations and in comparison with conceptions of other regions of the Czech Republic. The analytical part focuses on the analysis of demographic indicators which relate to family policy, as well as evaluation services and other realted areas. The second part of analysis is the questionnaire survey, which was realized for the extension of this bachelor thesis and also to find out about awareness about Conception among residents of the Kralovéhradecký region. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Population policy in China
Čadyová, Barbora ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Population policy in China Abstract This thesis concerns the topic of population policy in China, focusing on the one-child policy. It describes the development of these policies and then deals with the research questions themselves. First of all the thesis describes the process of the fertility decrease in China in connection with the population policy since the 50s of the 20th century. This part of the thesis results in the findings that the largest fertility decrease occurred in the 70s of the 20th century as a consequence of the population policy measures. It was even before the implementation of the one-child policy in 1979, even though this also had a significant impact on the fertility. The one-child policy, amongst low fertility, has also brought some negative effects including accelerated demographic aging, increased sex ratio at birth, the phenomenon of "little emperors", more difficult situation for parents who lost their only child, etc. The thesis also compares the population policy of China and other Asian countries with similar trends in fertility. This part of the thesis results in the finding that similar fertility limitation can be handled by a milder way than it was in the case of China. Keywords: China, population policy, fertility, one-child policy
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Family policy and reproductive behaviour in the Visegrad Group states after 1990
Krejčí, Anna ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Šťastná, Anna (referee) ; Černíková, Alena (referee)
Family policy andreproductive behaviour in the VisegradGroup states after 1990 Abstract In post-communist countries, the fertility decline has been already subjected in many researches. Aim of this diploma thesis is to analyse trends in fertility and family policy in the Visegrad countries. The goal was to find out how the post-1990 approach on family policy and response to changing social conditions differed in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. The study describes settings for each family benefits including the changes in the examined period of 1990-2013. On that basis 5-year periods were defined and assessed. The fertility analysis is focused on the total and completed fertility rate and also by parity and age-specific fertility rates. The period effect was estimated using age-period-cohort (APC) models which decompose fertility rates for age, period and cohort effects. Models were based on fertility of women aged 25-49 years in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia. Results in all three countries suggest that the decline in fertility in 1995-1999 wasa reaction to the changing socio-economic conditions in 1990-1994. However, the negative effect of this period was mitigated by changes in the distribution of cohorts. The period 2000-2004 has brought many positive changes that were behind...
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