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Perinatal mortality in Kazakhstan and prospects of its reduction
Abdrakhmanov, Assan ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor)
The thesis addresses the issue of perinatal mortality in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The perinatal and neonatal mortality rates in Kazakhstan both decreased in the period from 1994 to 2004, by 20% and 26% respectively. Despite these declines, the 2004 figures were still high compared to the averages in the WHO European Region. The neonatal mortality rate and the maternal mortality ratio were both 89% higher than the regional average for that year, while the perinatal mortality rate was 45% higher. There is also evidence of underreporting deaths underestimating mortality, as the indicators of maternal, neonatal and perinatal mortality reported by WHO for 2000 are all at least three times higher than the Kazakhstan's estimates for the same year. This research analyzed data for the years from 1999 to 2008. This study examined the effect of known risk factors so called social and demographic factors including place of residence, marital status, age of mother and child birth order on perinatal mortality rates. Logistic regression has been used in order to measure the impact of individual explanatory factors on the occurrence of perinatal death and also to control effects of all remaining variables. The analysis revealed significant differences between rural and urban area. Perinatal mortality is much...
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Reproductive careers of women in Slovakia during the state socialist era of the 1970s and in transforming society
Potančoková, Michaela ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee) ; Piscová, Magdaléna (referee)
The main goal of this study is to understand changes in fertility timing and ordering of reproductive life events over the women's life course. We investigate the process of family formation and transition to motherhood in Slovakia comparing birth cohorts of women who experienced childbearing during the state socialism of the 1970s and in transforming society. We employ the life course theory and combine qualitative methods with cross-sectional and cohort analysis of reproductive behaviour. Compared to the standardisation of reproductive careers during the state socialist era we observe individualisation of the life course and lowering degree of co-occurrence of life events in transition to adulthood. We find that sequential view of the life course, the perceived incompatibility of parenting with parallel life careers and newly articulated age norms contribute to the postponement of childbearing, which is perceived a rational strategy in response to the context of the market-oriented economy. Keywords: life course, reproductive behaviour, cohort fertility, postponement of childbearing, qualitative methods, Slovakia Abstrakt Hlavným cieľom štúdie je preskúmať zmeny usporiadania a časovania reprodukčných udalostí v rámci reprodukčných dráh žien. Porovnávame proces zakladania rodiny a prechodu k...
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The demosocial position of the Czech Republic within EU : present, eighties and interwar period.
Bardoňová, Hana ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
The objective of this study is to assess a demosocial position of the Czech Republic within EU after WW1. First, country comparable variables (demographic, economic and social) were determined for the purpose of statistical analysis. Next, the demosocial conditions were portrayed from theoretic point of view, more particularly related to the theory of the first and second demographic transition and to the historical development of Europe after WW1. In the second part a statistical analysis of selected time turning points of the period under study is provided. The analysis resulted in country classification of EU states based on cluster analysis methodology. It was shown that the position of the Czech Republic was changed over the investigated period. At the beginning of this period the Czech Republic was placed closier to the west countries and had a possibility to develop in its own way. Trends of demosocial characteristics of the Czech Republic in the socialistic era were approaching demosocial trends of East European countries. Currently its position tends to be between western and eastern European countries. The demosocial position of the Czech Republic is in accordance with its geographical location in Central Europe and there is very likely that will join western countries in the future. It was shown...
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Compatibility of work and family in the Czech Republic from the point of view of employees and employers
Průšová, Marie ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyze the means of family policy contributing to better compatibility of work and family, with the focus on families with small children. The first part of the thesis is descriptive and comparing results of recent studies, the second part is based on the own research analyzing opinions of employees and employers on corporate kindergartens. Descriptive and theoretical part is focused on history, legislation, childcare facilities and forms of working time, which enable better compatibility of work and family. In the analytical part the differences in opinions of employees and employers are discussed, eventually, how homogenous or heterogeneous various groups of respondents are. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Circumstances surrounding early parenthood in the Czech Republic: Life strategies of pregnant women and mothers under the age of 20
Kyzlinková, Renáta ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee) ; Kuchařová, Věra (referee)
CIRCUMSTANCES SURROUNDING EARLY PARENTHOOD IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC: LIFE STRATEGIES OF PREGNANT WOMEN AND MOTHERS UNDER THE AGE OF 20 Abstract The data gathered in the qualitative study by 58 semi-structured interviews with pregnant teenage girls or teenage mothers were used to describe relatively large scope of life circumstances connected to early pregnancies. The author examines what was the reason for becoming pregnant, how the teenagers' decision about how to respond to getting pregnant was made and how their life strategies changed under the pressure of this unpredictable event. Studying sexual behavior of adolescent mothers the author placed emphasis on partners' communication connected with first sexual intercourse and the increased risk of sexual abuse among the observed population. Furthermore, the role of "sexual socialization" in the family of origin was discussed. Concerning decision-making process- "keeping the baby or not", the main emphasis was placed on the social support networks and their influence on pregnant women's decisions. Very important issue analyzed in this part of the study is phenomenon of "wishing to have a baby". Another topics covered are the family formation process and housing conditions after opting for motherhood, in particular, the importance of marriage and the partner's...
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Application of mortality tables in life insurance
Kadlecová, Jana ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee) ; Fiala, Tomáš (referee)
Autor: Mgr. Jana Kadlecová Práce: Ap|ikace tabu|ek Života v Životním pojištění Abstrakt V současnosti nabyvá s ohledem na stárnutí populace na ýznarnu otázka zajištěnína stáří a zajištěníprostředků na péčispojenou s problémy vysokého věku. Populace CR stárne a to s sebou nese zýšenénároky na důchodoý systém. Dle prognóz možnéhodalšíhoqivoje ani nedárnro schválený posun věkové hranice pro odchod do důchodu situaci neqřeší,pouze ji posune na pozdějšídobu. o možnostech pojištění a penzijního připojištění je mezi obyvateli ČRvetsi povědomí nežo současnémfungování důchodového systému' Pro v.ýpočtypojístnéhoatp. se použivá metod pravděpodobnosti, statistiky a finančnímatematiky. Nedílnou součástíqýpočtů životníhopojištěníjsou i úmrtnostnítabulky. Ty jsou pojišt'ovnami upravovány pro účely jednotliqých pojištění,je1ikož jejich sprál.rré použlti má vel\ý vliv na finální sazbu pojistného. V tomto případě můžememluvit o praktickém v5užitídemografie' Takézjistíme, že se ve světě začiná prosazovat generačnípřístup, úpravy tabulek dle budoucích trendů a přízpůsobenítabulek populačníchna úmrtnost pojistného lanene pojišt'ovny. Všechny týo posuny dávají nové moŽnosti bližšímusepětí pojistnématematiky s demografií. Abstract The question of ensuring coffesponding income in retirement is rising more and more. The population...
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Urbanonyms in the city of Ostrov
KOCOURKOVÁ, Jiřina
This diploma thesis deals with characteristic of the concept urbanonyms and subsequent research urbanonyms in the town Ostrov in terms of their changes in six historical periods of the 20th century. To the group of urbanonyms are included the names of streets, parks, gardens, bridges, churches, chapels, monasteries, famous buildings and monuments of the historical center and the new part of town. The urbanonyms are analyzed and categorized by semantic motivation. Attention is focused on the factors that influence motivation and their subsequent transformations over the years. The development of street nomenclature is monitored with regard to honorific motivation and representation of the types of motives. The aim of the diploma thesis is to explore urbanonyms of the Ostrov and contribute to the local toponymy,which has not yet been analyzed.
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