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Environmental control over growth of coniferous trees with attention to Norway spruce
Kníř, Tomáš ; Čada, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Ulbrichová, Iva (referee)
Norway spruce belongs to the pine family. It has conical shape of the crown and straight trunk, the height ranges from 20 to 35 meters. Its natural habitat in the Czech Republic is in high elevations. The optimal temperature is 6 °C and the rainfall in the vegetation period is 490 580 mm.
The thesis also contains data about growth and the requirements for influential processes and regulators. I also review the formation of the growth rings - i.e. growth ring definition, formation and internal and external influences.
The thesis also focuses on dendrochronology. This science is a basis for obtaining information from dated growth rings. Using dendrochronology we can determin the annual diameter increment and the age of the tree. This science is divided into several different subdisciplines according to the usage of the growth rings data such as dendroclimatology, dendroecology, dendrogeomorphology, dendrohydrology and dendroarcheology. The selection of the area where samples are collected for the data analysis is the key factor.
The environment influences the growth of the trees both in the positive and the negative way. The climate is one of the most important factors that influence the growth. Climatic influences are mainly rainfall and air temperature where the influence differs between low and high altitudes. Anthropogenic influences, mainly air pollution (ozone, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, sulfur dioxide), play important part for the tree growth as well.
From the gained knowledge is clear that Norway spruce should be in the future planted in higher altitudes where in case of global warming better conditions are for the tree.
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