|
|
Interactions of reduced and oxidized glutathione with copper, iron and zinc
Júnová, Ingrid ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Jenčo, Jaroslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany Candidate: Ingrid Salanciová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Interactions of reduced and oxidized glutathione with copper, iron and zinc Copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) are important trace elements that are necessary for proper function of the body. Excess but also the lack of these metals may lead to pathological conditions. Glutathione is the main antioxidant in the human body so it is expected to protect the organism against concequences of metal excess. Glutathione occurs in the reduced (GSH) and oxidized state as glutathione disulfide (GSSG) in the organism, both states forming an important redox system. On the other hand, glutathione can reduce these metals so that could participate in the formation of free radicals (metal based Fenton reaction). In this diploma thesis, was tested the ability of reduced and oxidized glutathione to interact with Fe, Cu and Zn in various (patho) physiological pH conditions was tested by using in vitro spectrophotometric competitive methods. Interactions include not only the chelation of Cu, Fe and Zn ions, but also their reductive activity toward Cu2+ and Fe3+ cations. Hematoxylin, bathocuproinedisulfonic acid disodium salt, ferrozine...
|
|
|
Searching for natural cobalt chelators
Kadlecová, Kateřina ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Carazo Fernández, Alejandro (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany Student: Kateřina Kadlecová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Title of diploma: Searching for natural cobalt chelators Cobalt, as a trace element, is mostly found in the human body as the central atom of vitamin B12. Its deficiency is manifested by psychological impairment, memory loss, dementia or megaloblastic anemia. In excess amount, it is toxic to the body, which has been most described in patients with MoM hip replacement surgery. Cobalt causes damage to surrounding tissue until it is destroyed, or also cardiotoxicity, thyroid hypofunction, memory and hearing loss. Flavonoids are natural polyphenolic compounds with the ability to bind metals, scavenge free radicals and hence protect against oxidative stress. The aim of the work was to determine the cobalt chelating activity of a row of flavonoids using spectrofotometric measurements in vitro at 4 pathophysiologically relevant pH conditions (pH 4.5, 5.5, 6.8 and 7.5). Of the test substances, only 3-hydroxyflavon and baicalein showed chelation activity. 3-hydroxyflavon in a 1:1 ratio achieved 100 % chelation at pH 7.5 and about 60 % at pH 6.8. Baicalein was reactive at pH 7.5 and 6.8, when at 10:1 it was able to bind about 50...
|
|
|
Interactions of essential amino acids with iron ions
Nadějová, Jana ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Siatka, Tomáš (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany Candidate: Jana Nadějová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Interaction of essential amino acids with iron ions Iron is an important trace element that is needed for the proper functioning of the body. Lack of iron, as well as an excess of iron, can lead to pathological conditions, so it is necessary to control the level of iron in the blood and in case of overloading the body with iron, its chelation can be considered a possible therapeutic tool. Chelators for these therapeutic purposes should be the body's own substance. Amino acids are therefore ideal candidates for the regulation of iron homeostasis in the body, so this thesis focuses on some of them. The individual amino acids are linked by a peptide bond to form proteins. Proteinogenic amino acids are divided into essential, which must be ingested through food, and nonessential, which the body can create on its own. The aim of this study was to compare the iron-chelating and iron-reducing activity of the essential amino acids L-histidine, L-methionine, and the nonessential amino acids L- cysteine, its dimer L-cystine, L-aspartic and L-glutamic acid. The research also included a substance derived from...
|
|
|
Natural drugs in the treatment of productive cough
Čontofalská, Natália ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Natália Čontofalská Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Natural drugs in the treatment of productive cough Cough is a physiological defensive reflex and it is also a symptom of many acute or chronic diseases. Cough can be categorized as dry irritant or productive. Productive cough can be treated by conventional drugs and medicinal plants. Medicinal plants contain various types of chemicals and some of them have expectorant properties. Chemical constituents are commonly members of saponin, flavonoid or essential oil groups. This diploma thesis presents summary of the most important results and information from literature, pharmacological experiments and clinical studies confirming their efficiancy. Some of the articles provide explanation of mechanism of action of the chemicals with expectorant properties. Other effects of these plants may also contribute to the therapeutic effect.
|
|
|
Plant secondary metabolites with anti-inflammatory activity
Michalicová, Alena ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
- ENG Michalicová A., Plant secondary metabolites with anti-inflammatory activity, Diploma thesis 2012/2013, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, pp.74. Secondary metabolism of plants, building on primary metabolism, is a source of many substances - called secondary metabolites. These substances show a diverse range of effects that are currently used in pharmacy and medicine. A large number of secondary metabolites exhibit, for example, anti-inflammatory activity. The choice of plants with this effect, together with a summary of secondary metabolites (flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides etc.), which are mainly responsible for this activity, is mentioned in my diploma thesis.
|
|
|
Ecotoxicological evaluation of biologically active substances
Čeganová, Renáta ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Bc. Renáta Čeganová Supervisor: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Ecotoxicological evaluation of biologically active substances For the observation of the ecotoxicological effects was selected griseofulvin that can be used as antifungal drug and local anesthetic dibucaine hydrochloride. Their analysis was performed by using a multigenerational test with a protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila, Rotoxkit F test with a rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus and algal test with Desmodesmus subspicatus. The mortality or inhibitory effects of the test substances on the growth of organisms was observed. The most sensitive of the test organisms for dibucaine hydrochloride was rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus and for griseofulvin it was alga Desmodesmus subspicatus. Keywords: ecotoxicity, biologically active substances, endpoint, biotests
|
|
|
Phytochemical study of Helianthus annuus L. IV
Podlipná, Jana ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Opletal, Lubomír (referee)
Podlipná, J. Phytochemical study of Helianthus annuus L. IV. Diploma thesis 2008. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, 93 pp. The thesis was focused on phytochemical research of plant Helianthus annuus L. The aim of the research was to obtain new information about plant metabolites of sunflower. There was an effort to evaluate the quality of included compounds in sprouts and sunflower seed shells and to divide ethanolic extract from leaves of this plant. Finally the evaluation of biological activity was done from fractions of leaves and shells. There weren't detected any alkaloids in extract from sprouts. Caffeic acid was detected in sunflower seed shells according to thin-layer chromatography. 80% ethanolic extract from sunflower leaves had significant antioxidant activity which was measured both by DPPH radical and FRAP method. Fat acids were found in fraction No. 14 (from 2nd chromatographic column of extract from leaves). Extract from leaves was toxic for worms Tubifex tubifex Müll. but it wasn't phototoxic.
|
|
|
Ecotoxicological screening of diazepam drug
Šilhavá, Tereza ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
54 Abstract (EN) Charles University in Prague, Pharmaceutical Faculty in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Tereza Šilhavá Consultant: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Ecotoxicological screening of diazepam drug Nowadays, information about the influence of medicinal products on the environment is still missing. We have studied the effect of diazepam tablet (5 mg) and the standard on the following organisms: Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotoxkit F Chronic), Thamnocephalus platyurus (Thamnotoxkit FTM ), Desmodesmus subspicatus (algal growth inhibition test). Brachionus calyciflorus was found out as the most sensitive organism also in comparison with already performed tests within the diploma thesis (Rapidtoxkit, Growth inhibition test - Tetrahymena pyriformis, Growth seeds inhibition test - Sinapis alba). Key words: ecotoxicology, diazepam, Brachionus calyciflorus, Thamnocephalus platyurus, Desmodesmus subspicatus
|
|
|
Influence of agronomical practices and plant biological protection on production of secondary metabolites of Papaver somniferum I.
Röslerová, Linda ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
73 Abstract Charles University in Prague Faculty of pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Author: Linda Röslerová Supervisor: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Influence of agronomical practices and plant biological protection on production of secondary metabolites of Papaver somniferum I. Poppy cultivation in the Czech Republic has a long tradition and the problem of poppy attacks by pests and diseases is increasing, therefore there is an interest to pursue the factors affecting the profitability of the poppy. The purpose of this diploma thesis is to monitor the infestation of the poppy treated by biopreparation Polyversum by helmintosporiosis and the mold of the poppy. Biological protection of plants is an innovative new method for treatment plants. The obtained results have been compared with control plants (plants with no protection). The contents of the majority alkaloids (morphine, codeine, papaverine, thebaine and narcotine) have been evaluated in the varieties Orpheus and OP-P-13 by the method HPLC. Plants from plots of variety Orpheus treated by Polyversum were not affected by the mold of poppy and were less contested by helmintosporiosis. Orpheus treated by Polyversum showed higher levels of morphine than the untreated one. Variety OP-P-13...
|
|
|
Ecotoxicological evaluation of the non-steroidal and anti-inflammatory drug
Horáková, Veronika ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Horáková Veronika, Ecotoxicological evaluation of the non-steroidal and anti- inflammatory drug, (graduation thesis) Charles University in Prague, Pharmaceutical Faculty in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology; total number of pages: 67 There is getting more higher occurrence of residuals of healing substance connected with growing consumption of medicals in our environment, where they influence a range of organisms. In this work the ecotoxicity of diclofenac was monitored. Four tests of toxicity were selected for evaluation of this influence - one acute test (with Thamnocephalus platyurus), two semi-chronic tests (with Tetrahymena thermophila, Sinapis alba seeds) and one chronic test (with Brachionus calyciflorus). Values for diclofenac have been found from these tests: 24hEC50 5,058 mg/l - THAMNOTOXKIT FTM , 24h EC50 32,88 mg/l (23,07 - 46,86 mg/l) at 492 nm - more generation test with organism Tetrahymena thermophila, 48h EC50 1,363 mg/l (0,7848 - 2,366 mg/l) - ROTOXKIT F CHRONIC, 72h EC50 71,42 mg/l (62,51 - 81,60 mg/l) - a semi chronic test with Sinapis alba seeds. Key words: ecotoxicology, diclofenac, Tetrahymena thermophila, Thamnocephalus platyurus, Brachionus calyciflorus, Sinapis alba
|
guest ::
