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Comparison of ethnodemographic development in the Buddhist regions of the Russian Federation
Čamra, Lubomír ; Jelen, Libor (advisor) ; Dresler, Alexandra (referee)
Comparison of ethno-demographic development in the Buddhist regions of the Russian Federation Abstract This work is focused on the description and comparison of population development in three regions of the Russian Federation - Kalmykia, Buryatia, and Tuva. The emphasis is placed on the period after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Harmonized data from the Russian statistical office are utilized, as well as results from population censuses, which provide unique information on the age-gender structure of individual ethnic groups. The work employs basic methods of statistical and demographic analysis, offering a comparison of selected results among regions and the entire Russian Federation. During the existence of the Soviet Union, the Russian population in these regions increased, and there was a process of Russification among the titular nations. However, after its dissolution, the trend reversed, and the number of Russians started to decline. The results indicate that while in some regions, the decline of the Russian population leads to an overall decrease in the total number of inhabitants, in others, this loss is compensated by a higher natural increase of the titular ethnicity, resulting in overall population growth. For example, significant decline of Russians in Tuva suggests that this federal...
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Geopolitical topics in Northern Ireland elections
Král, Josef ; Jelen, Libor (advisor) ; Vrhel, Matěj (referee)
The main aim of this thesis is to analyse and interpret the electoral manifestos of several Northern Irish political parties, namely the Democratic Unionist Party, Traditional Unionist Voice, Ulster Unionist Party, Sinn Féin, Social Democratic and Labour Party, People Before Profit and Alliance, in terms of the projection of geopolitical and globally significant social events, namely Brexit and the Protocol on Ireland and Northern Ireland, the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine, into the electoral manifestos of the parties in question. The thesis uses a combination of critical discursive analysis and content analysis to process the given electoral programmes. In terms of timing, these are documents drawn up by the parties for the Northern Ireland Assembly elections in May 2022. The importance of each issue for the parties in question, the frequency with which the issues appear in the programmes and the way in which the parties deal with the issues in their programmes are examined. The parties' attitudes to the issues, or the existence of consensus or cleavages within the Northern Irish political scene, are also examined. The theoretical framework of the thesis is based on the theory of cleavage lines. The thesis has identified the projection of the aforementioned events into electoral...
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Environmental security of the Russian Federation in the context of climate change
Samyltyrova, Madina ; Jelen, Libor (advisor) ; Frantál, Bohumil (referee)
The thesis examines the concept of environmental security in Russia from the perspectives of politics and law, the academic sphere, business entities, and media. The theoretical basis was built on the works of authors who contributed to expanding the security concept regarding environmental threats. The practical part consists of discourse, content, and thematic analysis. It was found that the concept of environmental security in Russia is currently under development and encompasses not only ecological but also political and economic aspects. The scientific community plays a key role in incorporating new threats into the concept of environmental security. While the government of the Russian Federation and the business sector acknowledge the importance of environmental security, their roles are somewhat limited. International standards and commitments in the field of climate change are crucial for the state and business entities. However, the state does not provide significant assistance to companies in this regard. The government responds well to events such as accidents or pollution resulting from private sector activities. However, the elimination of negative impacts on the environment does not always occur. Presumably, some companies operating within significant sectors in Russia can communicate...
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Czechia between 'the East' and 'the West': Critical geopolitics of international relations and economic flows
Fiřtíková, Eva ; Lepič, Martin (advisor) ; Jelen, Libor (referee)
In this thesis, I deal with the context of international relations and economic flows of the Czechia towards the USA and China in the period 2002-2022. Using individual indicators in the field of trade, direct foreign investment, and in research and development, I examine the dependence of economic flows on foreign connections. Foreign bilateral meetings play a significant role in the subsequent reaction of the state's economy. I examine how foreign connections affect different types of economic flows, as well as their development and variability. The course of economic flows is often greatly influenced by events (such as the global financial crisis or Covid-19), which can affect the state in a number of negative consequences. However, thanks to the efforts of government representatives, diplomatic representatives and important businessman, the subsequent development of the political- economic sphere of states can lead to successful growth, using conclusions and agreements from foreign meetings or proven procedures in mutual cooperation.
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Russian geopolitics - Russian influence on post-Soviet states
Guliyev, Arif ; Romanovskiy, Evgeny (advisor) ; Jelen, Libor (referee)
Abstracts: This thesis analyses Russia's influence on the South Caucasus, namely on its two states Azerbaijan and Armenia, specifically describing how Russia tries to maintain its influence in the region through the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. How Russia is using it and how it is acting in this conflict. The analyzing period is from the first Nagorno-Karabakh war to the present. It will also discuss why the whole South Caucasus region (i.e. including together with Georgia) is geopolitically important for Russia and how it makes its policy in this region. There will also be a brief mention of how Russia has generally exploited other conflicts in the post-Soviet space, such as Transnistria or the conflicts in Georgia. Keywords: Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, South Caucasus, conflicts, Russian influence, Nagorno Karabakh
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Comparison of the evolution of democracy in de facto states
Kozák, Vlastimil ; Jelen, Libor (advisor) ; Kopeček, Vincenc (referee)
The thesis focuses on the evolution of democracy in de facto states. The de facto state is described as an entity that defines itself as an independent state. However, the international community does not recognize it. The democratization of de facto states tends to be problematic. Most de facto states have a patron state that provides protection and economic support. At the same time, it is perceived as a factor that hinders the democratisation process of its clients. Only a limited amount of academic works has addressed the evolution of democracy in de facto states and the influence of patron states on this evolution. The aim of this thesis is to determine the extent to which the democratization process in a group of de facto states has been effective, to find positive and negative indicators of democracy and to reveal the factors behind them. To find out whether the evolution of democracy in the patron states influences the evolution of democracy in the de facto states. Freedom House data is used for the research, subjected to content analysis, and discussed with the available literature. The complete set of de facto states shows stability in the level of democracy achieved. The evolution in both directions is very slow. The democratization of de facto states is constrained by poor government...
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Analysis of election results of pro-russian political parties in Estonia and Latvia
Škodák, Josef ; Jelen, Libor (advisor) ; Miškovský, Josef (referee)
5 Abstract This paper examines the electoral performance of pro-Russian political parties in two former USSR countries - Estonia and Latvia. Tensions between the large Russian- speaking minority and the majority population create a strong ethnic cleavage. This has given rise to the pro-Russian political parties that will be the focus of this paper. Its aim is to evaluate the electoral results and to find the geographical conditionality of electoral support for these parties in the last two parliamentary elections. The thesis also introduces the different pro-Russian parties and presents the concept of the identity of the Russian- speaking minority. In the analytical part, maps of electoral support are created from the election results and cores of electoral support are found. The thesis also describes the development of electoral support and examines the dependence between the results of pro-Russian parties and the national composition. Keywords Pro-russian parties, Baltics, Russians, electoral support
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The separatist movement in the Republic of Sakha
Lukina, Sofia ; Lepič, Martin (advisor) ; Jelen, Libor (referee)
The growing importance of research on separatism in Russia is currently connected with the significantly changed geopolitical position of the state and the upheavals that the war in Ukraine can cause. This thesis is based on the theory of minority ethno-political mobilization by Ted Gurr (1993) to the case of separatism in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The aim is to analyze the factors that contribute to the separatist movement in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), within the context of political, economic and social unrest. The methodology includes qualitative analysis using 15 semi-structured interviews and analysis of journalist articles related to the researched topic. Based on the analysis of the obtained data and their comparison with the theoretical framework, it was found that factors such as economic, social and political inequality are the main factors that support the idea of separatism in the republic. The obstacles are the absence of a clearly defined political leader and the authoritarian regime of Russia. The results generally confirm the applicability of Ted Gurr's theory for the analysis of separatism in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and can be used for further study of the topic. Keywords: Separatism, Minorities, Russia, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), ethno-political...
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The water resources of the Nile basin in the context of conflicts and peaceful cooperation
Hošková, Lucie ; Jelen, Libor (advisor) ; Frajer, Václav (referee)
This thesis deals with the issue of water resources in the Nile basin in the context of conflict and peaceful cooperation. The main aim of the work is to assess the hydropolitical potential, whether conflictory or rather cooperative is relevant. Following this goal, subsequently identify the main geopolitical actors in the Nile basin and see if the two tributaries of the Nile, blue and White Nile, differ in terms of hydropolitical potential. The theoretical framework of the work is defined by international-political concepts of neo-realism, i.e. whether disputes are primarily between states in the form of the demarcation of interests and power, or neoliberalism, which presupposes mutual cooperation in the framework of the management of resources. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the definition of the geographical-historical context with a focus on the East African region and the Nile basin following its character and history. A systematic review was chosen as the method of processing this work.
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Energy security of Brazil in the context of climate change
Vaněčková, Jana ; Jelen, Libor (advisor) ; Svobodová, Petra (referee)
The following thesis examines the discourse of energy security in Brazil through a critical discursive analysis. The construction of energy discourse is illustrated through the speeches of two presidents and simultaneously two presidential candidates in the October 2022 elections, Jair Bolsonaro and Lula da Silva, in order to reveal hidden patterns and relationships. The relevance of the Amazon region for energy security in the context of climate change, the securitization of the energy sector, the important regions of Brazil in terms of energy security, the importance of hydropower and, in general, the way energy security is constructed by the official discourse, i.e., by the Brazilian government, are identified. The time frame for the analysis is the period from 2002 to 2022. The analysis of the discourses reveals that the Northeast and the North are particularly important regions for energy security. According to the results of the analysis, securitisation of the energy sector is not occurring, but it is a politicised issue used as a tool in international and social politics. However, environmental securitization in Lula's discourse is taking place. The analysis also shows that energy security is threatened by insufficient infrastructure for both presidents and high energy prices for Bolsonaro....
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