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Characterization of germline alterations affecting genes influencing development and prognosis of specific adult cancers
Jelínková, Sandra ; Kleibl, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Hlaváč, Viktor (referee) ; Hájková, Nikola (referee)
In my dissertation, I studied the genetic predisposition of selected types of cancer that have not been systematically studied in the Czech Republic. We used next-generation panel sequencing to identify germline pathogenic variants. Analysis of 1333 patients with ovarian cancer, 527 patients with endometrial cancer, and 334 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma included sequencing using the CZECANCA panel. A specific CZMELAC panel was prepared for the analysis of 264 melanoma patients. We focused on the identification of pathogenic variants in known predisposition genes. We also evaluated candidate genes and phenotypic characteristics in carriers of pathogenic variants. Analysis of high-risk melanoma patients revealed pathogenic variants in melanoma associated genes in 9/264 (3.4%) patients, and an additional 22 (8.3%) patients carried a pathogenic variant in one of the other predisposition genes. The odds of carrying a pathogenic variant were increased in probands with multiple melanomas and in the presence of melanoma in relatives. The incidence of germline pathogenic variants was highest in ovarian cancer, where pathogenic variants were found in 427/1332 (32.0%) patients, with a predominance of mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, followed by alterations in other ovarian predisposition genes. Breast and...
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The effect of vandetanib, lenvatinib and ellipticine on the expression of rat cytochromes P450 1A and 3A
Jelínková, Sandra ; Dračínská, Helena (advisor) ; Žáková, Lenka (referee)
In recent years, the inhibiition of tyrosine kinases,which may incorrectly regulate some singaling pathway has been used to treat cancer as so-called biological therapy. An example of such inhibitors are vandetanib and lenvatinib. These two substances are used to treat thyroid gland tumors because they affect vascular growth factor receptor or endothelial growth factor receptor that can regulate tumor growth and metastasis. Ellipticine, which has anti-tumor effects on lots of tumor disease, has been investigated in this study together with vandetanib and lenvatinib. In this diploma thesis, the effect of mentioned tyrosine kinase inhibitors, ellipticine and their combinations on gene and protein expression of CYP1A1, 1A2, 3A1 and 3A2 in rat liver in vivo was determined. Protein expression was studied using Western blot method with imunodetection. Gene expression was assessed by quantitative PCR. Moreover, the effect of tested substances and their combinations on CYP1A activity (measured as 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation), CYP1A2 activity (measured as 7-methoxyresorufin O-demethylation), CYP1A1 activity (measured as Sudan I oxidation), CYP3A specific activity (measured as testosteron 6β-hydroxylation) and ellipticine, vandetanib, lenvatinib metabolism was determined. It has been confirmed that...
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