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Alkylderivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment
Jagošová, Klára ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with alkylderivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment. Basic information about its physicochemical properties, toxicology and environmental fate is presented here. The second part of thesis is focused on suitable method for the determination of these harmful compounds, including sampling, extraction, cleaning step and final analysis. In the third part the draft of standard operating procedure for the determination of A-PAHs in the real sample is outlined. The analysis consists from three steps – Pressurized Solvent Extracttion, column chromatography and two dimensional gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. The final sections of thesis discusses the experimental part and results of determination of A-PAHs.
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Hormones in sewage sludge
Jagošová, Klára ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
Currently there is a spate of interest in the presence of pharmacologically active substances in the environment. These substances are excreted in active or metabolized form and with wastewater pass the wastewater treatment plant. Current treatment technologies do not always eliminate all pharmaceuticals effectively and therefore they enter the environment. One of these active groups is the group of steroid hormones. Steroid hormones belong to the group of endocrine disruptors and they are considered to be dangerous for the ecosystems. Due to the hydrophobic character of steroid hormones they undergo partial or total sorption from wastewater to sludge. Sewage sludge is the by product of wastewater treatment and contains heavy metals, organic contaminants and pathogenic bacteria. A part of produced sewage sludge is used as a fertilizer in the Czech Republic. This issue follows the regulation 347/2016 – conditions of agricultural use of sewage sludge. Waste policy of EU will alter the conditions of sludge disposal, so it is necessary to obtain data about the concentration levels, fate and behaviour of those pollutants. This thesis was focused on five natural female hormones and four synthetic, which are used as a part of contraceptive pills and substitutional hormonal therapy. Determination of hormones was performed in four steps including ultrasonic assisted extraction, clean up by solid phase extraction, derivatization and final analysis by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry on triple quadrupole in MS/MS mode.
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Hormones in sewage sludge
Jagošová, Klára ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
Currently there is a spate of interest in the presence of pharmacologically active substances in the environment. These substances are excreted in active or metabolized form and with wastewater pass the wastewater treatment plant. Current treatment technologies do not always eliminate all pharmaceuticals effectively and therefore they enter the environment. One of these active groups is the group of steroid hormones. Steroid hormones belong to the group of endocrine disruptors and they are considered to be dangerous for the ecosystems. Due to the hydrophobic character of steroid hormones they undergo partial or total sorption from wastewater to sludge. Sewage sludge is the by product of wastewater treatment and contains heavy metals, organic contaminants and pathogenic bacteria. A part of produced sewage sludge is used as a fertilizer in the Czech Republic. This issue follows the regulation 347/2016 – conditions of agricultural use of sewage sludge. Waste policy of EU will alter the conditions of sludge disposal, so it is necessary to obtain data about the concentration levels, fate and behaviour of those pollutants. This thesis was focused on five natural female hormones and four synthetic, which are used as a part of contraceptive pills and substitutional hormonal therapy. Determination of hormones was performed in four steps including ultrasonic assisted extraction, clean up by solid phase extraction, derivatization and final analysis by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry on triple quadrupole in MS/MS mode.
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Alkylderivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment
Jagošová, Klára ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with alkylderivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment. Basic information about its physicochemical properties, toxicology and environmental fate is presented here. The second part of thesis is focused on suitable method for the determination of these harmful compounds, including sampling, extraction, cleaning step and final analysis. In the third part the draft of standard operating procedure for the determination of A-PAHs in the real sample is outlined. The analysis consists from three steps – Pressurized Solvent Extracttion, column chromatography and two dimensional gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. The final sections of thesis discusses the experimental part and results of determination of A-PAHs.
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