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Study of Thermal Comfort in the Urban Environment
Šubík, Štěpán ; Holtanová, Eva (advisor) ; Zahradníček, Pavel (referee)
This thesis is written to compare indices, which describe the perceived temperature of human body in thermal environment and apply them to study the thermal comfort of city inhabitants. The thesis is divided into five parts. In the first part, many thermal indices are presented and classified into empirical, commercially used or analytical indices by their definition. The practical usage of thermal indices is mentioned in the next chapter. In the third chapter, the most suitable thermal indices for describing the urban ther- mal comfort are found. Those are UTCI, PET, PT, SET* and mPET. Thermal index mPET .has been chosen to be used further in this study. The fourth chapter includes the application of mPET on meteorological data from Prague, Berlin, Hamburg, Nürnberg, Köln and Frankfurt. The frequencies and long- term behaviour are studied as well as the effect of the street canyon for Prague's streets Dělnická, Rohanské nábřeží, Legerova and Vinohradská. The last part discusses the results. The thermal comfort in Prague and Berlin, to- gether with the effects of the street canyon in Prague are studied more closely. It was found that in Prague, Berlin, Hamburg, Nürnberg and Frankfurt, the frequencies of evening thermal discomfort, in terms of heat stress, are higher in the cities than in sur- rounding areas...
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Uncertainties in regional climate models outputs
Holtanová, Eva ; Kalvová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Halenka, Tomáš (referee) ; Dubrovský, Martin (referee)
Title: Uncertainties in regional climate models outputs Author: RNDr. Eva Holtanová Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Jaroslava Kalvová, CSc. Department: Dept. of Meteorology and Environment Protection Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University in Prague Present doctoral thesis focuses on the analysis of uncertainties in regional climate model outputs in the area of the Czech Republic. Generally, the uncertainties in model outputs come from inaccuracies of initial and boundary conditions, further from the necessity to parameterize the small scale processes, and the structure of the model, e.g. the choice of numerical schemes or spatial resolution. In case of the simulations of future climate, another source of uncertainty arises. It is the unknown development of forcings that influence the climate system. The analysis in this work focuses on two multi-model ensembles, that come from two international European projects PRUDENCE and ENSEMBLES. The simulated 30-year mean seasonal air temperature and precipitation amounts are used, for the reference period 1961- 1990, and several future time periods. Two techniques were employed to assess the uncertainties. The first one was aimed at dividing the variance of a multi-model ensemble into contributions of regional model, driving global model and emission...
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Frequency analysis of precipitation amounts
Rulfová, Zuzana ; Kyselý, Jan (advisor) ; Holtanová, Eva (referee) ; Picek, Jan (referee)
Title: Frequency analysis of precipitation amounts Author: Mgr. Zuzana Rulfová Department: Department of Atmospheric Physics Supervisor: RNDr. Jan Kyselý, Ph.D., Institute of Atmospheric Physics CAS Abstract: This thesis deals with analysing characteristics of mean and extreme precipitation in observations and regional climate models (RCMs) with respect to their convective and stratiform origin. An algorithm for subdivision of precipitation amounts into predominantly convective and stratiform using station weather data is proposed and evaluated. The time series of convective and stratiform precipitation from the Czech Republic over 1982-2010 are used for analysing basic climatological characteristics of precipitation, including extremes, and evaluating RCMs from the ENSEMBLES project. Projected changes of convective and stratiform precipitation in Central Europe (the Czech Republic) are analysed using data from RCM simulations from the EURO-CORDEX project. The last part of the thesis introduces a new statistical model for analysing precipitation extremes. This model takes advantage from knowledge of origin of precipitation extremes. In future climate we could expect more convective and stratiform precipitation amounts in all seasons except summer, when climate models project decline in amounts of stratiform...
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Short-term precipitation amounts
Dragula, Adam ; Holtanová, Eva (advisor) ; Kliegrová, Stanislava (referee)
Title: Short-term precipitation amounts Author: Adam Dragula Department: Department of Atmospheric Physics Supervisor: RNDr. Eva Holtanová, Ph.D., Department of Atmospheric Physics Abstract: The main object of this thesis is an analysis of short-term precipitation amounts with emphasis on transition period between pluviometer and automatic rain gauge. For the analysis, we were given data by Czech hydrometeorological institute, which contain precipitation amounts measured by pluviometer of 10 minutes term and precipitation amounts measured by automatic rain gauges of 10 and 15 minutes terms for four climatic stations. A summary of basic knowledge of measurement of precipitation and methodology of detection of inhomogenities in climatic time series is the point of the first part of the thesis. The aim of data analysis is to analyze basic characteristics of statistical distribution of precipitation amounts on a scale of days, hours and finally 10 or 15 minutes terms . A comparison of the distribution is carried out firstly in the transition period, where measurements of pluviometer and automatic rain gauge have an overlap, then two separate periods before and after automation are being compared. The main outcome of the thesis is a description of a possible cause of an inhomogenity caused by a change of...
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Changes of length of periods with characteristic temperatures
Holtanová, Eva
Title: Changes of lengths of periods with characteristic air temperatures Author: Eva Černochová Department: Department of Meteorology and Environment Protection Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Jaroslava Kalvová, CSc. Supervisor's e-mail address: jaroslava.kalvova@mff.cuni.cz Abstract: Lengths of periods with characteristic air temperatures were derived using two different methods (linear interpolation, robust locally weighted regression) for 10 stations in the Czech Republic and for output data of regional climate models HIRHAM and RCAO in 4 grid points. Averages for a forty-year period (1961-2000) and for a thirty-year period (1961-1990) were computed as well as averages for every decade. Considerable attention was also paid to the analysis of methods used in the research. Most stations showed lengthening of growing season and summer during the twentieth century. Decennary average length of growing season and summer shortened in the years 1971-1980. The comparison of output data of regional climate models HIRHAM and RCAO and measured station data showed that the thirty-year average lengths of growing season and summer estimated by the two models were reasonably accurate approximately half of all cases. The models' estimates were not accurate at all concerning decennary averages. Keywords: robust locally...
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Study of Thermal Comfort in the Urban Environment
Šubík, Štěpán ; Holtanová, Eva (advisor) ; Zahradníček, Pavel (referee)
This thesis is written to compare indices, which describe the perceived temperature of human body in thermal environment and apply them to study the thermal comfort of city inhabitants. The thesis is divided into five parts. In the first part, many thermal indices are presented and classified into empirical, commercially used or analytical indices by their definition. The practical usage of thermal indices is mentioned in the next chapter. In the third chapter, the most suitable thermal indices for describing the urban ther- mal comfort are found. Those are UTCI, PET, PT, SET* and mPET. Thermal index mPET .has been chosen to be used further in this study. The fourth chapter includes the application of mPET on meteorological data from Prague, Berlin, Hamburg, Nürnberg, Köln and Frankfurt. The frequencies and long- term behaviour are studied as well as the effect of the street canyon for Prague's streets Dělnická, Rohanské nábřeží, Legerova and Vinohradská. The last part discusses the results. The thermal comfort in Prague and Berlin, to- gether with the effects of the street canyon in Prague are studied more closely. It was found that in Prague, Berlin, Hamburg, Nürnberg and Frankfurt, the frequencies of evening thermal discomfort, in terms of heat stress, are higher in the cities than in sur- rounding areas...
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Short-term precipitation amounts
Dragula, Adam ; Holtanová, Eva (advisor) ; Kliegrová, Stanislava (referee)
Title: Short-term precipitation amounts Author: Adam Dragula Department: Department of Atmospheric Physics Supervisor: RNDr. Eva Holtanová, Ph.D., Department of Atmospheric Physics Abstract: The main object of this thesis is an analysis of short-term precipitation amounts with emphasis on transition period between pluviometer and automatic rain gauge. For the analysis, we were given data by Czech hydrometeorological institute, which contain precipitation amounts measured by pluviometer of 10 minutes term and precipitation amounts measured by automatic rain gauges of 10 and 15 minutes terms for four climatic stations. A summary of basic knowledge of measurement of precipitation and methodology of detection of inhomogenities in climatic time series is the point of the first part of the thesis. The aim of data analysis is to analyze basic characteristics of statistical distribution of precipitation amounts on a scale of days, hours and finally 10 or 15 minutes terms . A comparison of the distribution is carried out firstly in the transition period, where measurements of pluviometer and automatic rain gauge have an overlap, then two separate periods before and after automation are being compared. The main outcome of the thesis is a description of a possible cause of an inhomogenity caused by a change of...
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Interdiurnal variability of air temperature
Vodičková, Kateřina ; Holtanová, Eva (advisor) ; Mikšovský, Jiří (referee)
Title: Interdiurnal variability of air temperature Author: Kateřina Vodičková Department: Department of Atmospheric Physics Supervisor: RNDr. Eva Holtanová, Ph.D., Department of Atmospheric Physics Abstract: One of important climate characteristics is interdiurnal variability of air temperature. Significant attention of the bachelor thesis was paid to anomalies from a smoothed annual course of daily mean air temperature and their interdiurnal and multidiurnal variability. Changes of anomalies and their variability during period 1900-2015 on various climatologic stations in central Europe were studied. The changes of anomalies and their interdiurnal variability fits the changes of the air temperature in the 20th century. An increasing trend of interdiurnal variability of anomalies of air temperature in last decades was found. Keywords: air temperature, variability, interdiurnal changes, mean annual cycle, anomaly from mean annual cycle
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Spatiotemporal variability of global and regional climate models
Crhová, Lenka ; Holtanová, Eva (advisor) ; Huth, Radan (referee) ; Metelka, Ladislav (referee)
Title: Spatiotemporal variability of global and regional climate models Author: RNDr. Lenka Crhová Department: Department of Atmospheric Physics Supervisor: RNDr. Eva Holtanová, Ph.D., Department of Atmospheric Physics Abstract: This thesis deals with variability of basic meteorological variables in global and regional climate models (GCMs and RCMs) outputs. Three different approaches were used in order to analyse climate models' ability to represent different aspects of variability of meteorological variables. The temporal variability with focus on its changes during a time and temporal scale components were studied. The relationship between air temperature and precipitation were employed in order to investigate the representation of spatiotemporal variability in climate models. Moreover, the influence of different characteristics of climate model simulations, such as the size of the RCM integration domain or differences between RCM and GCM simulations, were also considered. Two simulations of RCM ALADIN-Climate/CZ with different sizes of integration domain and their driving simulation of GCM ARPÉGE-Climat were used for analysis of the temporal changes in temperature mean and variability and selected simulations of RCMs and GCMs from the EURO-CORDEX and CMIP5 projects were employed for analyses of...
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