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Use of iron nanoparticles for post-treatment of metal finishing wastewater
Matysíková, J. ; Sukopová, M. ; Škvoran, O. ; Holba, Marek
This study evaluated the efficiency of copper, nickel and zinc removal from industrial metal finishing wastewater using nZVI material in lab and pilot scale conditions. Initial concentrations of Cu, Ni and Zn in raw wastewater were 3.16 mg/L, 0.38 mg/L and 0.56 mg/L, respectively. All metals were presented in residual concentrations and difficult to remove. Copper concentration was lowered by 77.2% in lab scale and 85.2% in pilot scale test for nZVI dose of 400 mg/L after 3 hours of reaction. Removal efficiency of nickel was 51% in the lab scale and 85.2 % at the pilot scale. Decrease of zinc concentration was less significant and reached 35.4% and 40% in lab and pilot scale experiment, respectively. Increase of efficiency in pilot scale testing was caused by the application of nZVI under inert atmosphere which ensured the preservation of high iron reactivity. pH adjustment before the nZVI dosing had also significant influence for efficiency of reaction. No changes and fluctuations of temperature and conductivity were observed. Pilot-scale test with lower dose of nZVI was performed to reveal the surpluses of previous dose of iron. The dose of 300 mg nZVI/L was applied into the reactor under inert atmosphere with pH adjustment before iron dosing. Efficiency of metals removal dropped to the 70% and 70.1% for copper and nickel. Efficiency of zinc removal increased to the 60.5%. nZVI dose of 300 mg/L was sufficient for reaching of limits for wastewater discharge.
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Microfltration nanofibrous membrane for wastewater treatment
Lev, J. ; Holba, Marek ; Došek, M. ; Kalhotka, L. ; Detvanová, L. ; Dostálová, L. ; Přichystalová, J. ; Vincent, I. ; Kimmer, D.
Pilot testing of nanofiber membrane module demonstrated long-term stability of the filtration process in activated sludge and showed the applicability in real-world conditions at the wastewater treatment plant. Microbial contamination of samples of the filtrate reached log removal 2 CFU/mL. Filtration in combination with UV irradiation resulted in a reduction of microbial contamination under required legislative standards. These results supported our assumptions to use nanofibre membranes in membrane bioreactor. Regeneration, optimization and antifouling surface treatment will be another step to increase the competitiveness of nanofiber membranes for water treatment.
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Source separation and nutrient utilization for elimination of eutrophication of water reservoirs
Holba, Marek ; Černý, M. ; Došek, M.
Sustainable society development and the improvement of water environment quality together with soli quality is tightly connected with separation at source, biodegradable waste and nutrient recycling from wastewater to agriculture. Once we recycle nutrients from wastewater then we can reduce fossil fuel consumption and decrease nutrient input into water bodies. This attitude can be expressed by acronyme NEW (N - nutrient, E - energy, W - water) that lead to the nutrient recycling, energy consumption decrease and enhancement of water quality.
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Bacteria deactivation and removal from Wastewater and polluted Air
Kimmer, D. ; Vincent, I. ; Dudák, J. ; Bergerová, E. ; Petras, D. ; Lev, J. ; Holba, Marek ; Kalhotka, L. ; Mikula, Přemysl ; Kořínková, R. ; Kubáč, L.
Procedures permitting to prepare homogeneous functionalized nanofibre structures based on polyurethanes modified by phthalocyanines (PCs) by employing a suitable combination of variables during the electrospinning process are presented. Compared are filtration and bacteria deactivation properties of nanostructures without PCs, modified in bulk and with PCs embedded into polyurethane chain by a covalent bond protecting the release of active organic compound during the filtration process. Finding that the functionalized nanofibre structures have an effect on bacterial growth was confirmed by microbiological, physico-chemical and molecular biological analyses, such as the inoculation in a nutrient agar culture medium, flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction.
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Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater via Environmentally Friendly Technologies
Holba, Marek ; Škvoran, O. ; Maršálková, Eliška ; Maršálek, Blahoslav
Our research is recently focused on the phosphorus removal from wastewater treatment plant outlets. We chose two municipal wastewater treatment plants (with and without phosphorus removal) and tested zerovalent and hexavalent nanoiron for phosphorus removal. Ferrates showed promising results even for smaller dosages, whilst NZVI showed not satisfactorily results for full-scale application. Next work will include phosphorus fractionation and fate of different phosphorus fractions at the tertiary treatment. Increasing interest on xenobiotics, hormons, endocrine disruptors, heavy metals and PPCPs and their removal from the plant outlets will extend our testing in the future.
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Experimental Study on Bacteria Removal from Artificial and Real Wastewater by Nanofibrous Filters
Lev, J. ; Holba, Marek ; Kalhotka, L. ; Mikula, Přemysl ; Kimmer, D.
Unique properties of electrospun nanofibrous materials could be utilized in various environmental technologies, e.g. bacteria removal from water. Recent studies show various removal efficiencies of bacteria and particulated matter by nanofibrous filters. Our article presents results from filtration tests through polyurethane nanofibrous material on short-term scale with artificial wastewater and also results from tests with real wastewater. We determined E. coli abundances in artificial and real wastewaters and the amount of the other hygienically important bacteria in real wastewater samples only. The results show possibility of long-term full-scale application of those materials, however some material modifications are needed to be accomplished.
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Can Nanofibers Replace Current Microfiltration Materials?
Lev, J. ; Holba, Marek ; Došek, M. ; Kalhotka, L. ; Kimmer, D.
The electrospun nanofibrous material M247 can be used as antimicrobial filter. Laboratory tests show high removal value (up to 6 log10 CFU/mL) and similar filtration efficiency compared filter Pragopor 6, presently used for sterilization of liquids in laboratories. Semi-pilot test confirmed good mechanical endurance and high removal efficiency. Our study showed high removal value with non-functionalized nanofibrous material despite of other cited studies. These results confirm our expectations, that nanofibrous material can replace the current filtration materials for laboratory use.
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Application of Iron Nanoparticles for Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Sukopová, M. ; Matysíková, J. ; Škvoran, O. ; Holba, Marek
Our study evaluated copper and nickel removal from metal finishing industry by using of nZVI. Lab-scale tests were performed with processing wastewater. Concentration of metals in raw wastewater was 22.4 mg/L for copper and 1.3 mg/L for nickel. 99 % of copper was removed by nZVI dose 3 g/L in 73 hours, likewise the highest removal efficiency of nickel was up to 80 % for the same nZVI dose in 6 hours. The removal efficiency 80 % for nickel was sufficient. The reaction seems to be relatively fast, high removal efficiencies were observed after 30 minutes. Further time of exposure was beneficial only for copper removal, nickel concentration become stable after 2 hours. Reaction conditions were monitored only but no effect of pH, temperature or conductivity was investigated. The results showed possibility to remove heavy metals from industrial wastewater in environmentally friendly way. Further research with real wastewater is necessary to get more reliable results.
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Phosphorus recycling - need or urgency
Holba, Marek ; Došek, M. ; Škvoran, O. ; Matysíková, J. ; Plotěný, K. ; Maršálek, Blahoslav
Phosphate policy is tightly connected with effective solutions in agriculture, but also with its removal from water environment where excessive concentration of phosphorus is not welcomed since it causes water bloom and worsening og surface water quality. Phosphate ores will be depleted soon and therefore recacling technologies should be introduced into practice in near future. Struvite - slow-release fertilizer seems to be good commodity for farmers. Struvite is usually responsible for clogged pipes in the wastewater treatment area. Therefore, several technologies of its recycling is recently being developed, esp. from reject water stream. Struvite crystallization, its production control and scale-up of technology from lab-scale through pilot-sclae to full-scale is technological challenge in the near future.
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