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Changes in rainfall-runoff regime and biogeochemistry in headwater areas
Fraindová, Kateřina ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Komínková, Dana (referee) ; Matschullat, Jörg (referee)
Headwater areas are a very important current or potential drinking water source. Their ecological value for the whole ecosystem is equally important. Headwater areas are sites with minimal anthropogenic intervention and usually the least polluted water sources. Changes in climate and rainfall-runoff (R-R) regime together with water quality in these areas affect the status and availability of water further downstream significantly. It is also one of the most sensitive areas and is an early indicator of ongoing changes. This thesis focuses on the main issues that are already ongoing and are affecting the availability of drinking water significantly. Some of these are trends in R-R regime in the context of the climate change and glacier retreat in headwater areas. As a very good example of a mid-latitude river with a complex rainfall-runoff regime, where a large impact of regional climate warming and glacier retreat are strongly manifested, The Athabasca River Basin was selected for this study. Related to this issue is the river water quality, which is influenced by changes in both temperature and R-R regime, together with the increasing occurrence of extreme hydrometeorological situations such as droughts and floods. The effects of land cover on water quality are also analysed, along with consideration of...
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Dynamics of surface water quality changes in model headwater areas of the Czech Republic
Fraindová, K. ; Matoušková, M. ; Kliment, Z. ; Vlček, Lukáš ; Vlach, V. ; Šajnarová, L.
River headwaters have a high environmental value. Unfortunately, the biogeochemical processes in headwaters in context of different rainfall-runoff conditions and specific land cover have not been fully examined. This study focuses on changes in correlations of 16 biogeochemical parameters related to different types of rainfall-runoff events and land cover condition for eight headwater catchments in Central Europe. Multiple methods as linear regression, Spearman rank correlation, Principal Components Analysis and C/Q hysteresis loops revealed main relationships. Presence of peatlands and waterlogged spruce forests had decisive influence on the biogeochemistry (mainly for CODMn, humins, Fe, P-PO43− TP, and N-NO3−). The strongest positive correlation of organic matter (CODMn) and Fe is represented in a catchment with the largest area of damaged forest (70%), but with a smaller proportion of wetlands (8%). High flow rates influence the release of greater amounts of organic matter and N-NO3−.
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Dynamics of dissolved organic carbon in surface water during extreme rainfall-runoff events
Matoušková, M. ; Fraindová, K. ; Bejčková, M. ; Kliment, Z. ; Vlach, V. ; Vlček, Lukáš
The release of a greater amount of natural organic matter (NOM) within climate change is registered in many catchments with peatbog areas. The aim of our research is to study the dynamics of releasing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) into surface water in headwater areas with peatbogs. DOC concentrations are analysed in relation to extreme rainfall-runoff (R-R) events and according to the hydrological preconditions of the basin. These preconditions are described using selected hydroclimatic variables (14 days before the R-R event). The source data comes from stations of the Faculty of Science, Charles University, and the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. For the evaluation of relations and processes, the Principal component analysis (PCA), hysteresis loops or Pearson correlation coefficient was used. The lag time of DOCmax for Qmax, the dependence of DOCmax and groundwater levels were studied. The influence of flow rate on the decline and ascent phases of DOC\nconcentrations by hysteresis loops and the influence of the number of partial flow maximums on the amount of transported DOC during the R-R event was analysed. Our first results show that great influence on the dynamic of DOC concentration in surface water has the change in groundwater-levels in the peatbog and the outflow amount during the R-R event. The hydroclimatic preconditions of the basin have also a significant influence on the DOC release. Changes in concentrations during R-R events also occurred for other compounds that were studied additionally. Particularly significant was the increase in metals (mainly Fe, Al, Mn) and base cation (K) and decrease in nitrate nitrogen.
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Oil Sands Mining in Alberta: Economic and Environmental Connections
Fraindová, Kateřina ; Jeleček, Leoš (advisor) ; Vrtiška, Tomáš Josef (referee)
Bituminous sands currently represent a real energy source that could temporarily replace already consumed part conventional sources of crude oil, which decrease. Acquisition of such strategic minerals is much more difficult both economically and technologically and represents a considerable negative impact on the environment. This paper first introduces general characteristics and problems of the crude oil extraction. Briefly describes different types of mining technologies that are used or are under development. Then focuses on an overall assessment of production in terms of economic and environmental aspects. The work focuses on the assessment of positive and negative impacts both on the economy of Canada and the environment, especially in the area of mining in Alberta. Key words: oil sands, economy of mining, environmental impacts, Canada, Alberta
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Trends of hydroclimatic factors in selected catchments of the Ore Mts.
Navrátilová, Denisa ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Fraindová, Kateřina (referee)
The bachelor work deals with identification of the trends in data series of the chosen hydroclimatic factors (temperatures, rainfall and runoff) of the upper Svatava River basin and of the Načetín Brook which both drained the Ore Mountains. The main aim of the thesis is identification of the trends of both study catchments and their comparative analysis. The study uses mean daily discharges data from the gauging stations Klingenthal and Rothenthal and also from the German climatic stations situated near study catchments. The introductory part describes physical-geographic characteristics of study catchments. The main attention is paid to the analysis of temperatures, rainfall and runoff, e.g. by the method of linear regression, simple sum curves and by Mann-Kendall statistic test. More detailed analysis of the runoff was done using IHA software. Results of analysis show a significant annual trend of temperatures increasing and runoff decreasing during the examined period. The most significant changes in temperatures and runoff is recorded in the spring and summer seasons. Key words: outfall, rainfall, temperatures, the change of the rainfall-outfall régime, Mann- Kendall test, IHA analysis
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Changes of rainfall-runoff regime in the Athabasca River basin
Fraindová, Kateřina ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Kliment, Zdeněk (referee)
Athabasca River Basin is located in an area which is affected by many factors. During the last century, the global warming manifests here, resulting primarily into increasing temperatures and glaciers melting in the headwaters area. Much of the middle reaches watershed is used for agriculture, for irrigation of which water from the Athabasca River is pumped. In recent years, controversial development of bituminous sands mining is carried out in the basin. Although it represents a real energy source, the mining requires large amounts of water, which is largely drawn from the Athabasca River. The work therefore analyzes the runoff change in the upper, middle and lower reaches during the last forty years. Along with the time series air temperature changes and precipitation totals, which can also explain runoff changes, are analyzed. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Oil Sands Mining in Alberta: Economic and Environmental Connections
Fraindová, Kateřina ; Jeleček, Leoš (advisor) ; Vrtiška, Tomáš Josef (referee)
Bituminous sands currently represent a real energy source that could temporarily replace already consumed part conventional sources of crude oil, which decrease. Acquisition of such strategic minerals is much more difficult both economically and technologically and represents a considerable negative impact on the environment. This paper first introduces general characteristics and problems of the crude oil extraction. Briefly describes different types of mining technologies that are used or are under development. Then focuses on an overall assessment of production in terms of economic and environmental aspects. The work focuses on the assessment of positive and negative impacts both on the economy of Canada and the environment, especially in the area of mining in Alberta. Key words: oil sands, economy of mining, environmental impacts, Canada, Alberta
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