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Development of New Methods for Monitoring of Occurence of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment
Aufartová, Jana ; Solich, Petr (advisor) ; Fiala, Zdeněk (referee) ; Garcia-Campaña, Ana M. (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Analytical Chemistry Candidate Mgr. Jana Aufartová Supervisor Prof. RNDr. Petr Solich, CSc. Title of Doctoral Thesis DEVELOPMENT OF NEW METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF SELECTED PHARMACEUTICALS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES During last decade, the consumption of pharmaceuticals is increasing substantially. At the same time their occurrence in environment is increasing as well. Pharmaceuticals are released into environment by excretion, as conjugated or unchanged active compounds, as unused pharmaceuticals, which are not disposed according to the recommendations (e.g. thrown away into the rubbish or flushed down the toilet). Other possible sources of pharmaceuticals are in the agriculture, livestock and aquaculture. The current water treatment technologies do not remove all traces of pharmaceuticals in wastewaters. Therefore the monitoring of their occurrence in surface and wastewaters become more important. Antibiotics and steroid hormones are a group of drugs used in human and veterinary medicine. The main problem with these groups of substances is the emergence of bacterial resistance, in the case of antibiotics, and the effect on the endocrine system, including the reproductive cycle, in the case of steroid hormones. The...
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Usage of the annelid Tubifex tubifex Müll. as a model organism for biological activity assessment
Vytlačilová, Jitka ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Kočí, Vladimír (referee) ; Fiala, Zdeněk (referee)
The aim of the presented doctoral thesis was to use the sludge worm Tubifex tubifex as a model for biological activity testing. In the presented study, the Tubifex worm was used to evaluate photosensibilisation, i.e. sensibilisation of an organism towards UVA radiation (365 nm; radiant flux density of 350 μW/cm2) after contact with certain substances. The tested substances included proven photosensibilizing agents - rose bengal, khellin and xanthotoxin; isolated natural substances - thiophene polyacetylene umbelliferon, scopoline, and scopoletine; synthetic compounds - salicylanilides and thiosalicylanilides; and penicillin drugs Augmentin and Ospamox and their active substance standard amoxicillin. The final evaluation of photosensibilizing properties of the substances was carried out according to the Commission Directive 2000/33/EC PHOTOTOXICITY - IN VITRO 3T3 NRU PHOTOTOXICITY TEST. The test was performed in 24-well plates where one set of plates with the photosensibilizing agent was irradiated and the second set was placed in an incubator (20±2řC) as a dark control without any light presence for the whole period of the experiment. The plates were evaluated immediately after the given period of irradiation (15, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 240 minutes). Mortality and percentual number of damaged individuals were...
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Physical activity as a preventive component of the lifestyle of seniors
Vlastníková, Věra ; Fiala, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Hlúbik, Pavol (referee) ; Benešová, Veronika (referee)
This dissertation deals with physical activity of senior women and its importance in health prevention. Current knowledge in the areas of gerontology, exercise physiology and kinanthropology was summarized in the theoretical part. For experimental part of the work, questionnaires were compiled and group and individual exercise programs were created and applied on a set of senior women. The objective of the dissertation was to assess the influence of these programs on civilization diseases risk factors and on some indicators of quality of life. Our study population was formed by healthy senior women recruited from the programs of senior university education in Hradec Králové. The study population was further divided into an experimental group which completed a group exercise program (G1; 18 subjects, 63±3 yrs), an experimental group which completed an individual exercise program according to our instructions (G2; 14 subjects, 65±5 yrs) and a control group without an exercise program (G3; 19 subjects, 69±4 yrs). Exercise programs were applied for 10 months, 2 hours/week and contained remedial exercises, strengthening activities, balance and relaxation exercises and walking. The variables examined included body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), resting heart rate, total...
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Vibration at milling of metal
Dvořák, Jan ; Štetina, Jakub (referee) ; Fiala, Zdeněk (advisor)
This thesis contains theoretical description of milling, mathematical description of oscillation and causes of self-excited vibrations during the milling process. It further contains dynamic measurement of machine-tools and stability lobe diagram. At last it states different ways of prevention, removal or maximum reduction of self-excited vibrations during the milling process.
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