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Development and Validation of Methods for Typing of Bacteria by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
Chudějová, Kateřina ; Hrabák, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Dolejská, Monika (referee) ; Nyč, Otakar (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Healthcare-associated infections represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hospital settings. The risk of nosocomial infection differs significantly in different group of patients, depending on the character of their primary illness, the co-morbidities, the type of care provided, the length of hospitalization, or the medical procedures used. Artificial surfaces such as central venous catheters, shunts, urinary catheters, valve and joint replacements or controlled lung ventilation play a major role. The majority of nosocomial infections is caused by several representative of Enterobacteriaceæ family, Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., or some Gram-positives, especially Staphylococcus and Enterococcus spp. This is largely due to their ability to retain and transfer different types of resistance to antibiotics. The identification and subtyping of these pathogenic microorganisms is an essential tool of modern public health infectious disease surveillance not only for appropriate and efficient treatment of infections, but also in case of an outbreak. Understanding clonal continuity among investigated strains is essential to determine the source and routes of infections, confirm or rule out outbreaks, trace cross-transmission of healthcare-associated pathogens, or recognize virulent...
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Development and Validation of Methods for Rapid Detection of β-lactamases Using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry for the Early Detection of Infectious Disease Agents and Their Antibiotic Resistance
Pašková, Veronika ; Hrabák, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kolář, Milan (referee) ; Dolejská, Monika (referee)
The discovery of antibiotics and their subsequent clinical use has had a tremendous and beneficial impact on human health. β-lactam antibiotics are considered the most widely used therapeutic class of antibacterials prescribed in human and veterinary clinical practices due to their excellent safety profile and broad antimicrobial spectrum. β-lactams have undergone continuous development since their introduction in order to improve properties such as potency, spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetic and safety profiles and to counter the emergence of resistance. Resistance can occur by multiple mechanisms, including, notably, the production of β-lactamases and modification of β-lactam receptors - penicillin-binding proteins. The resistance of bacterial pathogens to common antimicrobial therapies and the emergence of multidrug- resistant bacteria are increasing at an alarming rate in Czechia. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance in clinical isolates is critical to the design of novel therapeutics and the improvement of detection techniques. Insight into the genetic basis of resistance can also reveal drug design strategies for curtailing the spread of resistance and combatting multidrug-resistant organisms. This dissertation thesis concerns different thematic investigations, beginning with the...
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Development and Validation of Methods for Typing of Bacteria by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
Chudějová, Kateřina ; Hrabák, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Dolejská, Monika (referee) ; Nyč, Otakar (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Healthcare-associated infections represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hospital settings. The risk of nosocomial infection differs significantly in different group of patients, depending on the character of their primary illness, the co-morbidities, the type of care provided, the length of hospitalization, or the medical procedures used. Artificial surfaces such as central venous catheters, shunts, urinary catheters, valve and joint replacements or controlled lung ventilation play a major role. The majority of nosocomial infections is caused by several representative of Enterobacteriaceæ family, Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., or some Gram-positives, especially Staphylococcus and Enterococcus spp. This is largely due to their ability to retain and transfer different types of resistance to antibiotics. The identification and subtyping of these pathogenic microorganisms is an essential tool of modern public health infectious disease surveillance not only for appropriate and efficient treatment of infections, but also in case of an outbreak. Understanding clonal continuity among investigated strains is essential to determine the source and routes of infections, confirm or rule out outbreaks, trace cross-transmission of healthcare-associated pathogens, or recognize virulent...
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