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Zootherapy and its using for the clients of PN Bohnice
Steklá, Daniela ; Dokoupilová, Adéla (advisor) ; Zita, Lukáš (referee)
Animotherapy is a relatively young branch using the positive impact of animals on the mental, physical and social health. We divide it according to the methods, forms, or animals that are used for the therapy (hippotherapy, canistherapy, felinotherapy, etc.). From the viewpoint of the use of animals in therapy it is important to specify methods AAA (activities) and AAT (therapy). While AAT is a targeted method indicated by the physician and must keep records of the course of the therapy, AAA is a method of natural interaction between the client and the animal and the conditions laid down by the methods of the AAT may not be met. All types of animotherapy should be performed or supervised by a qualified expert with appropriate education, whose task is to establish the aims and procedures of individual therapies taking into account the health status of the client and his current mental frame of mind. By acknowledging the psychological state of the client and his diagnosis, the therapist prevents emergence of dangerous situations both for the client and for the animal involved in therapy. This therapy is used as a supplement for therapeutic or rehabilitation methods. For example, it can help to create or deepen the relationship between the client and the therapist. It is not yet officially recognized as a therapeutic method.
Sociotherapeutic farm in PN Bohnice uses for therapy especially horses (called Hipotherapy (HR), and small animals. The method HR complexly affects the mental and physical state of a person and includes all forms of treatment and rehabilitation using horses for persons with a disability or handicap. Horses on the farm are used for physiotherapy and psychotherapy, while small animals are used in the form of visiting programs by gerontopsychiatric wards. Therapists worked out on the basis of many years of experience their own methodology for these therapies, using which they achieve excellent results.
The results of studies show that animotherapy has a positive effect on clients of all ages and a wide range of diseases. This is a very promising and recently much discussed subject that needs a number of other studies, to be acknowledged as a therapeutic method.
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Hemophilia in dogs and use of a dog as a model for analogous disease in human
Marvanová, Veronika ; Hofmanová, Barbora (advisor) ; Dokoupilová, Adéla (referee)
This compilation deals about hemophilia in dogs and options, how to apply findings obtained from studies on dogs to cure people. Hemophilia is suitable for research of modern healing methods, because it has been known for centuries and thanks to this its thoroughly researched. As a hereditary, sex-linked coagulation disorder, which is normally cured by replacement therapy, is hemophilia ideal model for examining the genetics determinants and nowadays it significantly helps in development of modern methods of treatment.
Hemophilia in dogs and humans is caused by gene mutation, which brings the absence or dysfunction of coagulation factor VIII or FIX. These factors in a healthy individual participates on coagulation cascade and on blood clot creation. Hemophilia mutations increase incidence of spontaneous hemorrhage, or hemorrhage after minor trauma, and patients suffer by hematomas, blood loss, dangerous internal bleeding, difficulties in movement and other related problems.
The fact, that hemophiliac dogs naturally occurs, in addition with possibility to compare them with people despite the differences in karyotype, because of binding to sex chromosome, and finally in connection with people desire to treat these dogs, just confirms that hemophilia in dogs is suitable for studying. This explain why dog models were involved in all significant discoveries in hemophilia treatment. For example, dogs assisted in development of replacement therapy with plasma and plasma concentrates, where studies confirmed safety and efficacy of these substances. Within recent years dog models enables safety transfer of gene therapy to human patients.
Thanks to these studies hemophilia possibly become the first genetically conditioned disorder, which would be permanently cured by gene therapy.
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Comparative analysis canistherapy and felinotherapy in therapeutic practice
Goldšmídová, Klára ; Zita, Lukáš (advisor) ; Dokoupilová, Adéla (referee)
This bachelors work deals with the differences in domestication for two types of animals, the cat and the dog. It deals with the religious perception of the dog and cat and highlights a fundamental difference between them. It describes the relationship between dog and man, as well as describing the beginnings of cat domestication. The bachelor work also explains the basic terminology of animal-assisted therapy, describes the types of animalassisted therapy by type of animal used and briefly mentions the positive and negative aspects
of using animals. It also states the methods used in animal-assisted therapy and the physiology of the effects of animal-assisted therapy in treatment processes for people. Main point of this work is a comparison of the ethology of dogs and cats, the outlining of their main character traits that are used in the therapy itself and describes two types of animal assisted therapy therapy dogs and therapy cats. It deals with the issue of choosing suitable breeds of dogs and cats, as well as describing the methods and forms of such types of
animal assisted therapy. Subsequent chapters discuss in more detail the use of a dog in therapeutic and medical social work with regard to the type of illness a person suffers from, and the use of therapy dogs in various facilities. The following chapters of this dissertation describe the therapeutic use of cats, as well
as the form and use of therapy cats in therapeutic practice. A cat is not so demanding from the
viewpoint of active movement outside and is suitable in particular where patients are frightened of dogs. It can also be used, in contrast to dogs, in residential programmes, because it is not tied to one person so much. Another type of cat therapy that has gradually started to
take hold in large cities is cat cafes, which provide people with this type of cat therapy and is a good choice for people who, for various reasons, cannot do this form of treatment themselves. The final chapters are devoted to the demands of caring for a dog or cat, the hygiene conditions for owning the animals.
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The Breeding of Dwarf Rabbits in Flats
Lakomá, Tereza ; Zita, Lukáš (advisor) ; Dokoupilová, Adéla (referee)
Breeding of dwarf rabbits as companion animals suitable to small flats in recent years is becoming more popular in recent years. Pet animal, however, is fully dependant on human activities. It is even more true about rabbits, as they are in many cases kept in the quarters (cages, terrariums, etc.) and is only up to their owners if they allow them to move outside such quarters, how common this will be and how much it will be beneficial for the rabbit (the toys in a room, dark corners for having a rest, cramped spaces simulating dens, the possibility of a sufficient racing). This work deals with a summary of the basic needs of dwarf rabbits through the available scientific and technical literature and valid legislation of the Czech Republic and the subsequent evaluation of the current situation in each of these breeding of rabbits for a wide spectrum of breeders.
In the framework of the questionnaire survey over 350 breeders were addressed and 423 dwarf rabbits recorded. The study included the owners from the general public,
university students and the owners of the patients of the two veterinary departments. The rated factors affecting the quality of life of the rabbit were, among others: the type of quarters, nutrition, the technique of watering, hygiene and diseases. The cause and the age at death of the individual were also surveyed.
The respondents were mostly women (92%), the age of the respondents was most often ranged between 21-30 years (58%), the experience with breeding was less than 5 years (62%). One rabbit was bred (73%), in case of higher number of rabbits the quarters were separated (75%). Another animal in the household was the dog. (44%). Rabbits were under the age of five years (75%), from 1.00 up to 2.00 kg (72%), male was non-castrated (46%), female non-castrated (38%). Unlimited amount of feeding (99.5%) provided by feeding pumps (71%). Nutrition consisted of hay (95%) and succulent fodder (91%). The quarters were the cages with the possibility of racing (55%). A rabbit toilet used 74% of the respondents, 67% used the toys. 76% of the rabbits were vaccinated The most common disease was the diarrhea (12%). The average life expectancy was 5-8 years. The most common cause of death was old age (26%).
The situation in the breeding of dwarf rabbits in the domestic (residential) conditions is satisfactory. The public should be informed in more detail with the dietary needs of dwarf rabbits. Attention should also be paid to the elimination of the occurrence of the disease.
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Process of gravidity in female western lowland gorilla Gorilla gorilla gorilla reared in human care
Kocmánek, Lukáš ; Masopustová, Renata (advisor) ; Dokoupilová, Adéla (referee)
Taxonomic system is currently open and evolves based on new findings in genetics. There are currently two recognized species of gorillas (Gorilla gorilla and Gorilla beringei). Each of these two species consists of two subspecies. Gorilla gorilla gorilla is on the Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN) classified as Critically Endangered. The main threats to the population of this subspecies are poaching and Ebola.
Gorillas are long-lived, slowly reproducing primates with significant sexual dimorphism. Gorilla diet is predominantly folivoric. Western gorillas include in their diet fruits, if available. The social system is polygynous with one dominant male who mates with all the females in his group.
Eastern gorillas usually form larger social groups than western gorillas. Differences in reproduction between these species are minimal. Generally, the reproduction of western gorillas is slower. Eastern gorilla infants, unlike western gorillas, face a high risk of infanticide.
Wild western lowland gorillas were almost not observed, so there is very little known about the course of reproduction in the wild. Almost all knowledge about their reproduction is based on observings in captivity. Reproduction of gorillas is influenced by many factors, among which are hormonal effects, the composition of the group and its hierarchy, nutrition and more. Historically western lowlan gorillas kept in captivity faced low birth rate. Available data on pregnancy in gorillas are insufficient. Further research is needed.
The level of maternal care is one of the key factors crucial for the survival of infants. Maternal behavior is influenced by stress, which may result in inappropriate maternal behavior or possibly its complete absence. Diseases threatening pregnant gorillas are not adequately described. Among the main causes of complications described are inadequate nutrition and stress.
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Allomothering in mammals
Šedivá, Jitka ; Dokoupilová, Adéla (advisor) ; Masopustová, Renata (referee)
Allomothering is defined as a substitute parental infant care provided by an individual who is not a parent of the infant, but lives within the same group or pack. This behaviour helps the infant with the evolution and is an advantage in times when the mother is absent. In the group context, allomothering strenghtens social bonds by lowering the aggresivity and in the contrary, supporting the cooperative behaviour.
Allomothering occurs among social species and has been observed in both animals in the nature and animals held in captivity, mostly birds, primates, rodents, cetaceans, ungulates, beasts and human.
Evolution biology, who tries to explain the reasons why such a behaviour has evolved, connects allomothering mainly with Hamiltons theory of kin selection and Trivers theory or reciprocial altruism.
Ethology describes different specific forms of non-parental care where allomothering belongs. This can be devided into direct care when the infants are influenced actively (eg. breastfeeding or holding) and indirect care that does not include direct activity (eg. defence against predators). Many different forms of allomothering exist and can vary both in between species and individuals. Mostly we can observe provisioring, defence agains predators, allosucking, grooming, adoption, holding and carrying of the infant.
Practical consequences of allomothering have been well described and studies agree that this behaviour is a benefit for the mother, the infant and the helping individual. Benefits for he mother inhere the enegry savings in the period of lactation which is one of the physically most exhausting. Apart of having to invest less energy it is beneficial for the mother to be able to integrte back to the reprodutional life. Helping females, mostly infantless by the time, can get some maternal experience and for infants themselves, allomothering rises their chances to survive.
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In situ projects in the protection of Pongo genus in connection with the expansion of oil palm plantations on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra
Talpová, Julie ; Masopustová, Renata (advisor) ; Dokoupilová, Adéla (referee)
This Bachelor Thesis is dedicated to the protection of Bornean orangutan Pongo pygmaeus and Sumatran orangutan Pongo abelii in connection to the expansion of palm oil plantations. The genus Pongo includes Bornean orangutan Pongo pygmaeus and the Sumatran orangutan Pongo abelii. Until recently these species were considered to be subspecies but on the basis of genetic analysis there were significant changes in the taxonomy. It can be assumed that the scheme will continue to evolve. Bornean orangutan is classified as endangered species by the IUCN, Sumatran orangutan even as critically endangered. Their vulnerability is apparent from their way of life. They are long-lived, but slowly reproducing animals. Female brings the first baby to the world after 15 years of age and is devoted to its eight years of age. They are typical representatives of arboreal primates. Trees are their sleeping place, provide them ability to move and serve as food source.
There are several sources of danger. The biggest threat is considered to be the loss of habitat of orangutans because of the establishment of oil palm plantations, logging and fires. These processes cause fragmentation of native habitats and access to forests means a threat of poachers. Elaeis guineensis is grown in Indonesia and Malaysia since the early 20th century and currently these countries produce 84% of world palm oil production. The lifetime of the plantations is estimated at 20-25 years. It is known that the soil is very exhausted after this time, the issue therefore is its future usefulness. The products are palm oil and palm-kernel oil, which are applied in food, cosmetics and industry. Both types of the oils contain high amounts of saturated fatty acids, therefore the WHO recommends to reduce the consumption of these oils.
The aim of the in situ projects in Borneo and Sumatra was originally an effort to return the rescued orangutans to the wild in the first place. Increasingly, however, the projects faced the problem that such animals have nowhere to return, as their original habitats no longer exist. For this reason, the attention shifts to protect the natural habitat of orangutans and existing wild populations, with emphasis on the rigorous quarantine of newly recruited individuals, their social integration into the group, but also educational programs for the public.
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