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Mechanisms of microbiota regulation during the estrous cycle of the house mouse.
Dodoková, Alica ; Stopková, Romana (advisor) ; Janotová, Kateřina (referee)
There is a very few papers to provide an overview of the characteristics of the estrous cycle, the relationship of the estrous cycle to physiological manifestations such as the pH of the vaginal environment, as well as the dynamics of the vaginal microbiota in wild mice. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of the dynamic relationship between external influences and the physiology of the female reproductive system, to develop a reliable methodology for measuring the pH of the vaginal microenvironment in mice as well as to quantify the overall abundance of some bacterial taxons by comparing sequencing and qPCR methods. The results suggest that the physical presence of the male in the cage has the most significant effect on the prolongation of the estrus phase, in contrast to non-significant olfactory stimulation of the urine. Fluctuation in the pH of the vaginal environment have also been shown to be cyclic, and the qPCR method shows that the composition of the vaginal microbiota, during the estrus phase, differs significantly from other phases of the estrous cycle, as we confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Thus, these results provide a comprehensive view of the variability of the estrous cycle with an emphasis on the variability of the vaginal microbiota and the change in the...
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Neurobiology of visual hallucinations.
Dodoková, Alica ; Vejmola, Čestmír (advisor) ; Hejnová, Lucie (referee)
Hallucination is a clinically significant qualitative disorder of perception that can be characterized as a sensation without a proper physical stimulus. Visual hallucinations are among the most serious symptoms in a range of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, or Lewy body dementia, but can also occur during drug intoxication or under normal physiological conditions. Based on visual image processing principles and higher thalamocortical circuits, several recent explanations of the visual hallucinations phenomenon are summarized in this thesis. Although there may be many possible causes, the most important are neurobiological disorders of the inhibition processes in the cortical areas of visual association, lesions in the brain stem cores and thus the malfunctioning of the reticular activation system, neurochemical dysregulation on the thalamic sensory interface, or dysfunction of the recurrent top-down and bottom-up mechanism. There are several theoretical models summarizing the mentioned aberrations (Perception and Attention Deficit, Bayesian Heruism), which provide a more comprehensive overview of the issue of visual hallucinations. Further research and unification of individual models could provide new possibilities for diagnosis and treatment of visual...
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Neurobiology of visual hallucinations.
Dodoková, Alica ; Vejmola, Čestmír (advisor) ; Hejnová, Lucie (referee)
Hallucination is a clinically significant qualitative disorder of perception that can be characterized as a sensation without a proper physical stimulus. Visual hallucinations are among the most serious symptoms in a range of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, or Lewy body dementia, but can also occur during drug intoxication or under normal physiological conditions. Based on visual image processing principles and higher thalamocortical circuits, several recent explanations of the visual hallucinations phenomenon are summarized in this thesis. Although there may be many possible causes, the most important are neurobiological disorders of the inhibition processes in the cortical areas of visual association, lesions in the brain stem cores and thus the malfunctioning of the reticular activation system, neurochemical dysregulation on the thalamic sensory interface, or dysfunction of the recurrent top-down and bottom-up mechanism. There are several theoretical models summarizing the mentioned aberrations (Perception and Attention Deficit, Bayesian Heruism), which provide a more comprehensive overview of the issue of visual hallucinations. Further research and unification of individual models could provide new possibilities for diagnosis and treatment of visual...
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