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Inflammation-associated changes in cannabinoid receptor expression in avian brain
Divín, Daniel ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Bendová, Zdeňka (referee)
(EN) Research in interactions between the nervous and immune systems is focused mainly on mammals, while in other vertebrates, including birds, it remains neglected. Two types of cannabinoid receptors interconnect the nervous and immune systems: CB1, which is in mammals involved in regulation of neural processes, and CB2, which is in mammals involved in regulation of immune processes. However, little is presently known about the roles of these receptors in nervous and especially immune processes in birds. Therefore, in this work I focus on the expression of cannabinoid receptors in cognitively advanced bird species (parrots, passerines) during induced sterile peritoneal inflammation. Unlike passerines, parrots appear to lack the gene for CB2, which may affect the inflammation regulation. I have revealed no changes in the expression of these receptors during peritoneal inflammation neither in parrots, nor in songbirds. Nevertheless, the increase in expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL- 1β in the brain in parrots confirms the importance of neuroimmune interaction and mutual influences along the gut-brain axis. This work suggests that even in birds, the central nervous system is affected by inflammation through the gut-brain axis. The expression of cannabinoid receptors does not change much...
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Evolution of host specificity in avian influenza
Divín, Daniel ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Horníková, Lenka (referee)
Avian influenza is a dangerous viral disease, which threats animals and people's health and nowadays evokes great concerns linked with pandemic threat. Veterinary procedures tries to limit spreading of infection by eradication of all birds nearby the outbreak place of the disease to limit as much economic damage as possible. However, there is obvious considerable variability in susceptibility, course and transmission of the disease in different species. In model species (Anas platyrhynchos f. domestica a Gallus gallus f. domestica), we can see a big difference in course of the disease linked with different equipment of immunity genes. There is fragmented information about other species. The main aim is therefore to summarize knowledge about avian influenza, it's origin, evolution, diversity, spreading in environment and susceptibility of different species to this disease.
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