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Old-age welfare and the pension reform
Chmelíková, Kateřina ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor) ; Vysokajová, Margerita (referee)
The topic of pension systems and its reforms is a very actual problem in many countries. The main aspect, but not the only reason, is the "negative" change in the age structure of the population. According to many demographic researches, the population all over the world is getting older very fast. The obligation of the state to secure people in an old age has increased. Ageing brings many negative aspects connected, not only with a worse financial situation but also with social and health difficulties. The ageing in our societies influences labour markets, political and societal structures and also pension and health systems. There is a big need to find new approaches and solutions from governments in different countries. The aim of my thesis is to describe the social security of old people and the pension reform, not only in the Czech Republic, but also in other European countries, to analyze and compare them. This thesis is divided in two sections. The first one discusses the social security system and pension reform in the Czech Republic. The second part concentrates on three other European countries on which I presented how successfully was their government able to deal with such a difficult issue as the pension system is. Also, the purpose of this paper is to show new ways and strategies which could...
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Perceiving of hierarchical rank and mate preference in humans
Chmelíková, Kateřina ; Jozífková, Eva (advisor) ; Blažek, Vladimír (referee)
Distinguished ways are used to measure hierarchical rank between partners in surveys. Aim of this thesis was to study preference for partner of particular hierarchical rank towards respondent 1) according to rating of photographs, 2) according to respondent's ideas about his/her future partnership organization, 3) according to respondent's natural tendency to lead or to yield, and to compare these ways of preference assessment. Questionnaires from 95 female university students aged to 25 years inc. were processed. Respondents, who claimed they will submit their partner or they will take turns in subordination with their partner half and half, were more submissive in ordinary life than respondents, who claimed they will be equal to their partner. Expected connection between idea about future partnership organization or submissiveness in ordinary life and choice of photograph depicting figurant with particular signs of nonverbal dominance was not found. Nevertheless, differences in choices of photographs were found between females using hormonal contraceptives and females not using any hormonal contraceptives. Key words: mate-choice, dominance, submissiveness, attractiveness.
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Support for adaptation of a patient with lower limb amputation
CHMELÍKOVÁ, Kateřina
The number of patients with diabetes mellitus has been increasing recently. The so-called diabetic leg and related amputation treatment belong to the complications of the disease. Amputation or removal of the end part of a limb obviously affects not only the physical aspect of a patient, but also the psychical, social and spiritual aspects. It is therefore vital that each nurse is able to choose from suitable techniques of communication with such patients and to provide them with sufficient support in the adaptation to a new life role. Callista Roy also dealt with this issue and developed a model named after her, which can be applied to patients adapting to a newly arisen situation, which amputation of a lower limb definitely is. Three goals were set in the thesis. The first one was to find out what kind of problems patients after amputation of a lower limb see in the individual adaptation modes according to C. Roy. Then we focused on the interventions applied by nurses to the support for the adaptation in the individual adaptation modes and to what extent nurses work with stimuli in Roy's conception. The research was based on the data collection by means of a qualitative method, the techniques of semi-structured interviews, and involved observation of patients after amputation of a lower limb and of nurses working at a standard surgery department. After the saturation of the research sample set the data was analysed and processed by means of the "pencil & paper" method. The research has shown that nurses devote particular attention to the physiologic adaptation mode and to the interdependence mode in their practice. In terms of the satisfaction of the basic physiologic needs they mostly mentioned the assistance in self-service activities, in the sphere of excretion and very often also interventions contributing to pain relief. In the self-concept group identity adaptation mode nurses mostly apply suitable communication and provision of sufficient information. In terms of the role function adaptation mode we can say that nurses search for this kind of information, but no activity supporting this mode was found among the nurses. Unlike nurses, who pay the highest attention to the satisfaction of the physiologic adaptation mode and thereto related interdependence mode, patients see shortcomings in all four adaptation modes. In the physiologic adaptation mode patients mostly pointed out problems with movement manifested themselves in the deficit of self-care. In the sphere of self-concept group identity, they mentioned the feeling of helplessness and inferiority. Nearly all patients see a problem in the dependence on the nursing staff and the disability to play the roles once played. Among the most frequent stimuli affecting a patient after lower limb amputation are pains that nurses relieve by means of analgesics prescribed by physicians, patients also often mention the approach of the staff and social interaction owing to the absence of family members. The research has shown that nurses approach patients with dignity and also respect the incoming visitors. The information obtained by this research can be used as a basis for seminars focused on this issue and lead to the improvement of the nursing care about patients with amputation of a lower limb.
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Perceiving of hierarchical rank and mate preference in humans
Chmelíková, Kateřina ; Jozífková, Eva (advisor) ; Blažek, Vladimír (referee)
Distinguished ways are used to measure hierarchical rank between partners in surveys. Aim of this thesis was to study preference for partner of particular hierarchical rank towards respondent 1) according to rating of photographs, 2) according to respondent's ideas about his/her future partnership organization, 3) according to respondent's natural tendency to lead or to yield, and to compare these ways of preference assessment. Questionnaires from 95 female university students aged to 25 years inc. were processed. Respondents, who claimed they will submit their partner or they will take turns in subordination with their partner half and half, were more submissive in ordinary life than respondents, who claimed they will be equal to their partner. Expected connection between idea about future partnership organization or submissiveness in ordinary life and choice of photograph depicting figurant with particular signs of nonverbal dominance was not found. Nevertheless, differences in choices of photographs were found between females using hormonal contraceptives and females not using any hormonal contraceptives. Key words: mate-choice, dominance, submissiveness, attractiveness.
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Issues of nursing care during pacient´s transfer from an intensive care unit to a standard surgical ward
CHMELÍKOVÁ, Kateřina
A lot of patients are hospitalized at the intensive care unit after a major operation at the surgery ward. After the stabilisation of the condition they are transferred to a standard department. The nursing care at these two departments obviously differs. The difference can particularly be seen in the care itself, but also in the accessibility of the nursing staff and protection of patient privacy. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to find out in what areas the nursing staff can see problems with the patients that are transferred from the intensive care unit to a standard ward and to map the differences between the levels of the nursing care at these two departments. A quantitative method in the form of semi-structured interviews was applied to the research. The research sample consisted of six nurses working at a standard department and five patients meeting the criterion of the transfer from the ICU to a standard ward. The analyses of the information provided was performed by means of the "pencil and paper" method, where we numbered the individual interviews and tried to find similar answers therein. The research has shown that nurses perceive an early transfer of a patient to a standard ward negatively, as in most cases the care of such patients is extremely time consuming. Another problem is in the insufficient information of a patient in terms of the post-operation rehabilitation and inability to absorb the information provided by a nurse. The patients can see the difference mainly in the frequency of the nursing staff, in the continuous monitoring of the physiological functions and last but not least also in the protection of patient privacy. The results of the research might serve as an input for a seminar held on this issue and lead to the future improvement of the quality of the nursing care at these two departments.
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Old-age welfare and the pension reform
Chmelíková, Kateřina ; Vysokajová, Margerita (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor)
The topic of pension systems and its reforms is a very actual problem in many countries. The main aspect, but not the only reason, is the "negative" change in the age structure of the population. According to many demographic researches, the population all over the world is getting older very fast. The obligation of the state to secure people in an old age has increased. Ageing brings many negative aspects connected, not only with a worse financial situation but also with social and health difficulties. The ageing in our societies influences labour markets, political and societal structures and also pension and health systems. There is a big need to find new approaches and solutions from governments in different countries. The aim of my thesis is to describe the social security of old people and the pension reform, not only in the Czech Republic, but also in other European countries, to analyze and compare them. This thesis is divided in two sections. The first one discusses the social security system and pension reform in the Czech Republic. The second part concentrates on three other European countries on which I presented how successfully was their government able to deal with such a difficult issue as the pension system is. Also, the purpose of this paper is to show new ways and strategies which could...
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