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Tepelný ostrov města - analýza stavu a možnosti zlepšení
CHVOJKOVÁ, Aneta
Increasing surface temperature in urban environments along with the creation of heat islands is one of the most visible phenomena of a worsening climate in general. This phenomenon is inherently linked to the increasing rate of urbanisation and urban development. Heat islands in cities are formed by an accumulation of high surface temperatures and differ significantly from areas in their rural surroundings. The surface temperature depends on several factors. These include, including but not limited to, colour, permeability or material of the surface, as well as the presence of vegetation in the given area or the layout of the streets. Anthropogenic activity caused by fossil fuel combustion or transport also has a significant impact on the temperature in urban environments. One of the most efficient tools to reduce the rise in temperatures is in particular high-quality vegetation and water retention in urban environments and the landscape in general. The area of interest of this work, which deals with the topic described above, is Kardašova Řečice with twelve determined locations. Using satellite data analysis, problematic areas in terms of surface temperature and several smaller heat islands were identified. The results of the spectral vegetation indices analysis showed a mutual correlation between the surface temperature and the presence of vegetation, which was analysed by NDVI and NDMI spectral vegetation indices data. The highest temperatures and the lowest surface humidity were found in areas with the least vegetation (greenery). The situation was the opposite in areas with sufficient vegetation cover and water for evapotranspiration. Since vegetation has been proved to have a significant positive impact on reducing the surface temperature in urban environments, a strategy was suggested to improve the urban living conditions by implementing a suitably selected green and green-blue infrastructure.
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Periferní oblasti jižních Čech - vymezení, typy a stabilita
CHVOJKOVÁ, Aneta
The bachelor's thesis deals in particular with the delineation of peripheral municipalities and areas of South Bohemia and evaluation of their social-population development (stability). For the purposes of the thesis peripheral municipalities are municipalities distant from microregional settlement centres. They are delineated based on public transport connections as being too far from the microregional settlement centres in terms of time or not connected with these centres by a sufficient number of connections. Except for peripheral municipalities and municipalities of microregional settlement centres there are also suburban municipalities and semiperipheral municipalities delineated (the rest). Settlement centres are defined and structured into a hierarchy based on four characteristics: services for residents, population, number of commuters and number of public transport connections. Metropolitan (mesoregional), city (microregional), small-town (nano), township (piko) and rural (femto) settlement centres are delineated. Then the social-population development (stability) of all municipalities in the South Bohemian Region and their types are evaluated. There is 1 mesoregional, 17 microregional, 14 nano, 11 piko and 35 femto settlement centres delineated in the South Bohemian Region. Peripheral municipalities are grouped into 19 peripheral areas (7 frontier, 5 interregional and 7 intraregional). Semiperipheral piko centres, peripheral piko and nano centres have the worst results in terms of social and population development (stability); as for the peripheral areas, the worst results were in interregional peripheral areas (in particular the surroundings of Deštná and Mladá Vožice) and some frontier peripheral areas (Novohradsko and Vitorazsko area).
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