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Visitors' Profiles in the Tourism Area of Písecko
BURDOVÁ, Kamila
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to compile profiles of visitors of the tourist area Písek on the basis of quantitative research and to identify the needs and requirements of visitors. Another goal is to make market segmentation on the demand side and to select key and perspective target segments for sustainable tourism development in the destination. The primary sources of this bachelor thesis were the results of a survey, which took place in the summer season of 2018 in 4 places of the tourist area Písecko-Blatensko. The last practical part of this bachelor thesis is dedicated to the specific design of the solution, which works with a 4-day visit for the family-with-children segment in the Orlická přehrada reservoir.
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Vliv vybraných potravních doplňků na metabolismus karcinogenů přítomných v potravě
Fousová, Petra ; Hodek, Petr (advisor) ; Burdová, Kamila (referee)
The consumption of dietary supplements such as flavonoids may reduce risk of many civilization diseases. Flavonoids are able to modulate the activity of cytochromes P450 (CYPs), xenobiotic-metabolising phase I enzymes of biotransformation that are involved in the activation and detoxification of food-derived carcinogens. Inhibition of CYP activities by flavonoids has been extensively studied because of their potential use as agents blocking the initiation stage of carcinogenesis. On the other hand, flavonoids have been shown to enhance the activation of carcinogens and/or influence their metabolism via induction of specific CYPs. In the first part of this study, flavonoids dihydromyricetin and α-napthoflavone were explored for their possible effects on CYP1A1 expression and activity when administered in combination with carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). For this purpose, liver, small intestine and colon microsomal fractions were isolated from treated rats and induction of CYP1A1 was evaluated by immunodetection and EROD activity measurements. In liver and small intestine, all combinations of BaP and flavonoids led to strong induction of CYP1A1 expression. Moreover, the CYP1A1 protein levels were almost identical to levels observed when the rats were treated with BaP alone. However, in comparison...
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Molecular mechanisms underlying maintenance of genome stability
Burdová, Kamila ; Janščák, Pavel (advisor) ; Cséfalvay, Eva (referee) ; Krejčí, Lumír (referee)
Cells in our body are challenged every day by DNA damage arising as a result of both endogenous and exogenous insults. The ability of cells to repair DNA lesions is essential for correct propagation of genetic information. The most cytotoxic DNA lesion is DNA double-strand break (DSB) while oxidative DNA damage is one of the most frequent lesions. The aim of this thesis was to improve current the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the repair of DSBs and oxidative DNA damage. The major source of oxidative damage in cells are reactive oxygen species that are constantly generated as by-products of cell metabolism. One of the most frequent lesions is 7,8- dihydro-8-oxo-guanine (8-oxo-G) that gives rise to 8-oxo-G:A mispairs during DNA replication and if left unrepaired, results in accumulation of DNA mutations. We found that Werner helicase (WRN) physically interacts with DNA polymerase λ (Polλ) and stimulates DNA gap-filling by Polλ opposite to 8-oxo-G followed by strand displacement synthesis in MutY DNA glycosylase homolog (MUTYH) initiated base excision repair (BER) of 8-oxo-G:A mispairs. There are two major pathways involved in repair of DSBs: homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). NHEJ is highly error-prone while HR is error-free. There are two...
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Study of cytochrome P450 intreaction with dietary carcinogens
Brabencová, Eliška ; Hodek, Petr (advisor) ; Burdová, Kamila (referee)
Humans are exposed to various carcinogens during their life. One of the main sources of carcinogens is a human diet which plays an important role in the cancer development. This bachelor thesis deals with carcinogens that are formed during a technological food processing or cooking of food - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic amines and nitrosamines, then carcinogens produced by fungi - mycotoxins, and carcinogens that are produced by plants - safrole, estragole and pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Among numerous enzymes involved in metabolism of carcinogens, cytochromes P450 belong to the most important ones. These enzymes constitute a superfamily of haem-thiolate proteins, which is significantly involved in the metabolism of many foreign compounds (e.g. carcinogens, drugs, pollutants). Cytochromes P450 catalyze mainly reactions leading to detoxification of harmful compounds. Besides these reactions, the metabolic activation of compounds to more toxic products may occur. Cytochromes P450 play an important role in the activation of carcinogens to reactive electrophiles causing DNA damage. The subject of this bachelor thesis is to show mechanisms of metabolic activation of carcinogens. Key words: cytochromes P450, carcinogenesis, food carcinogens (In Czech)
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