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Microbiota as a modulator of carcinogenesis
Benešová, Iva ; Kverka, Miloslav (advisor) ; Krulová, Magdaléna (referee)
Many studies show the ability of gut microbes to modulate the anti-tumour immune response by direct triggering the immune cells or by bacterial metabolites. Interestingly bacteria may even migrate to the tumour tissue and orchestrate the immune response on site. These anti-tumour effects can be improved by the administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Notably, some microbial effects occur only in the presence of ICI. On the contrary, microbiota may also promote tumour growth and negatively impact the effects of ICI therapy. We have disrupted the gut microbiota homeostasis by antibiotics (ATB) to study the effects of gut microbiota on the ICI. This disturbance led surprisingly to reduced tumour growth and enhanced pro-inflammatory immune response not only in the gut but also within the tumour tissue, where especially IFN-γ orchestrated the anti-tumour immune response. Importantly the anti-tumour immune response could be transferred through colonisation of germ-free mice by ATB-changed gut microbiota if concomitantly anti- programmed cell death protein 1 (αPD-1) monoclonal antibody was administrated. These mice had elevated levels of segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), which induced systemic immune response with increased expression of IL-17 and elevated amounts of Th 17 cells,...
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Pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic properties of mesenchymal stem cells
Benešová, Iva ; Kössl, Jan (advisor) ; Anděra, Ladislav (referee)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) display different ways of influencing not only surroundig cells but also the function of the whole organism. Besides well known immunomodulatory properties, MSC are capable of inducing and inhibiting of apoptosis in various conditions, effecting mostly cancer and immune cells. They are able to protect other cell types against apoptosis. On the contrary, anti-apoptotic and apoptotic effect of MSC is not always beneficial. Deeper and more precise understanding of influence of MSC on the apoptosis is needed to allow the usage of MSC in the biological therapy and to facilitate the treatment of many diseases. MSC are exhibited to oxidative stress, hypoxia and many pro-apoptotic factors, which cause their senescence and apoptosis. However, without this microenvironment they will not be activated and will not gain all their properties. Nowadays is an intensive research in prolongation of MSC's lifespan done, because it would improve potential biological therapy. Key words: mesenchymal stem cells, apoptosis, biological therapy
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Population Development of Ungulates in Broumov Region (NE Bohemia, Czech Republic)
Benešová, Iva ; Červený, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Ježek, Miloš (referee)
The theme of this bachelor thesis is to monitor quantity increase of individual species of ungulates in broumov region. The observed species are red deer (Cervus elaphus), fallow deer (Dama dama), mouflon (Ovis musimon), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa). For all these types a short characteristic is included. Broumov is from geographical, zoological and floristic point of view a very interesting locality. The monitored area is divided into six approximately equal parts for the comparison of the number of states. This work includes characteristic of the whole monitored area and also the separated areas with emphases on the important elements of the landscape. This paper observes the increase status of individual areas, compares it with each other and also the whole Czech Republic.
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