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Molecular genetic variation of bats of the genus Hypsugo in the western Palaearctic
Balog, Štefan ; Benda, Petr (advisor) ; Vallo, Peter (referee)
Three species of the genus Hypsugo occur in the Western Palearctic. According to available sources, the species Hypsugo arabicus occurs only in the south of Iran (provinces of Sistan and Baluchistan) and in the northeast of Oman. The range of Hypsugo ariel lines the west of the Arabian Peninsula and can be also found in Egypt and Sudan. Hypsugo savii can be found in a wide range of areas from the Canary Islands through Western, Central and Southern Europe, the Balkans to the Middle East and Central Asia. The intraspecific and interspecific relationships of these three species have not yet been sufficiently investigated. Based on the data obtained from the sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear markers, a phylogenetic analysis was performed, which supplements the information on the intraspecific and interspecific relationships of the populations of this genus in the Western Palearctic. Two mitochondrial markers (Cyt-b and D-loop) and four nuclear markers (Rag2 and ACOX, COPS, STAT introns) were used for molecular analysis. Subsequently, Bayesian analysis methods and the Maximum likelihood method were used in the phylogenetic analysis to create phylogenetic trees. Furthermore, haplotype networks were created and p-distances between individual populations were calculated. In the species H. arabicus,...
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Non-indigenous freshwater fish species of the Mediterranean basin of the Balkans
Balog, Štefan ; Vukićová, Jasna (advisor) ; Švátora, Miroslav (referee)
Mediterranean basin of the Balkan Peninsula is one of the hot-spots of biodiversity, with a high diversity of freshwater fishes and high degree of endemism. Introduction of non-native species greatly affects ecosystems and native species of fish. There were many reasons for introductions in the past. Aquaculture, sport fishing and ornamental fish belong to the most important reasons for introduction of non-native fish species. Altogether, 39 species belonging to 12 families were introduced in the Mediterranean basin of the Balkan Peninsula. Most of them belong to the families Cyprinidae and Salmonidae. Introduction of fishes was known since the Roman era. Although the first recorded introduction in this area was in the 13th century, most species were introduced in 20th century. The fishes were introduced from North America, Europe and Asia. Many translocations occurred in this area, too. Translocation is a relocation of particular species within one area. The most widespread introduced species in the Mediterranean basin of the Balkans are common carp (Cyprinus carpio), stone moroko (Pseudorasbora parva), rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), goldfish (Carassius auratus) and sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus). Hybridization, competition, pathogen transmission and predation...
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