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Optimized biological method for the detection of sensitivity of red clover varieties to white clover mosaic virus (WClMV) and red clover mottle virus (RCMV) infection in the climatic conditions of the Czech Republic
Jakešová, H. ; Fránová, Jana
Red clover is a very important leguminous plant used in crop rotations on arable land, in temporary as well as permanent clover and grass stands. The persistence of clovers is negatively influenced by pests and diseases that attack the root and shoot parts of the plant. In the course of studies into the presence of viral diseases (2007–2011), the most frequently detected viruses were White clover mosaic virus, (WClMV, genus Potexvirus, family Alphaflexiviridae) and Red clover mottle virus (RCMV, genus Comovirus, family Secoviridae). The two viruses were observed in populations of clover throughout the Czech Republic. RCMV significantly reduced the yield and stand persistence of red clover. Given that no direct protection has yet been developed against the viruses, plant breeding directed to enhancing resistance to both WClMV and RCMV offers good prospects. Both viruses are mechanically transmissible.
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Cultivated and wild growing forage crops – reservoirs of viruses and phytoplasmas
Fránová, Jana ; Petrzik, Karel ; Jakešová, H. ; Bečková, M. ; Sarkisova, Tatiana
Symptoms of mosaic, yellowing/reddening, phyllody, necrosis and dwarf have been observed in cultivated as well as wild growing forage crops. Red clover mottle virus (RCMV, Comovirus), clover yellow vein virus (Potyvirus), potato virus X, white clover mosaic virus (WClMV, Potexvirus), alfalfa latent and pea streak viruses (Carlavirus), new members of genus Cytorhabdovirus and Carlavirus were identified by sequencing. Bacilliform particles (ca 213 – 533 nm by 44 – 58 nm) of the genus Cytorhabdovirus, WClMV, alfalfa mosaic virus (Alfamovirus) and particles resembling members of the genus Badnavirus were observed on negatively stained preparations and ultrathin sections by electron microscopy and mechanically transmitted to host plants. WClMV, RCMV, bean yellow mosaic virus and new member of Potyviridae family were determined in wild growing plants. The occurrence of phytoplasmas belonging to different 16S ribosomal subgroups was confirmed (16SrI-B, 16SrI-C, 16SrX-A, 16SrXII-A).
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