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Gender stereotypes across generations
Hřebíčková, Martina
The aim of research was to find out whether gender stereotypes in different age periods converge.The gender-stereotypical personality was assessed along the Big Five personality factors by asking 2 different age groups of participants to rate a typical young, middle age, and old man or woman on these personality dimension.Gender stereotypes of personality characteristics were assesssed using the Czech version of the NCS.The NCS 30 bipolar items correspond to the 30 facets of the NEO-PI-R.Across all age periods in both groups of judges are girl/woman perceived as being more open to experience emotions,more compliant ,more modest and more tender-minded, more organized and more dutiful in comparison to boys/men.Boys/men in all three developmnetal periods were perceived as less able to withstand temptations in comparison to girls/woman.The comparison of the gender stereotype profile based on 30 personality traits showed a consistent pattern in perception of gender stereotypes...
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Jazyková abstrakce, meziskupinové zkreslení a národnostní esencialismus
Kouřilová, Sylvie ; Geschke, D. ; Finell, E. ; Bilewicz, M. ; Casini, A.
Language Abstraction, Intergroup Bias and National Essentialism is a part of an international project initiatedat the EAESP Summer School 2006 in Padova supervised by Anne Maass and Guen R. Semin. Our experimental study builds on the Linguistic Category Model (LCM) by Semin & Fiedler (1988, 1991) and itsrecent developments suggested by Carnaghi, Maass, Gresta, Bianchi, Arcuri, & Cadinu (submitted). In their research, Carnaghi et al. have shown differences in the inductive potential of nouns versus adjectives. We attempted to link their findings with intergroup attitudes and national essentialism. In four European countries, we examined whether the use of nouns versus adjectives for nationality labels of target persons has effects on intergroup bias. The use of more abstract language for the description of a target person (e.g. a Czech) should lead to stronger intergroup bias than the use of less abstract language (e.g. Czech). Based on Carnaghi and colleagues’ ideas we supposed that the link between more abstract language and stronger intergroup bias is mediated via the process of ascribing more essentialist characteristics to the target person. In the context of our research, national essentialism is defined as a belief system that is based on different components of national identity. Along with Habermas (2000), we distinguish three components of national identity: ethnic, cultural and civic. Denoting nationality with a noun (e.g. a German) should trigger a higher rate of perceived essentialism whereas using an adjective for a nationality label (e.g. German) should lead to a lower level of perceived essentialism.
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