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Consequences of post-war ethnically based population exchange in the Czech borderland for the regional development
Vaishar, Antonín ; Dvořák, Petr ; Nosková, Helena ; Zapletalová, Jana
About 3,1 millions of Germans lived in Czechoslovakia in 1930s forming the biggest ethnical minority. This minority almost completely disappeared as a consequence of the WWII. About 300-500 thousands of them were killed in the war as soldiers of German military forces. Some dozens of thousands were killed by the Nazi regime (anti-Nazi and German Jews), about 300 thousands fled on the base of Hitler´s command, about 20-30 thousands were killed or died within "wild displacement". The majority (2,1 million) were transferred into individual occupation zones in Germany. Only established anti-Nazis, people from mixed matrimonies and indispensable experts in economic branches were allowed to stay.Excluding big cities and some inner enclaves, the majority of German population was transferred from the borderland. Before the WWII, almost all the borderland of Bohenia and Moravia was formed by German speaking regions.
Fulltext: content.csg -  PDF
Plný tet: UGN_0391560 - PDF
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Multifunctional Rural Development
Zapletalová, Jana ; Vaishar, Antonín
Rural area was traditionally connected with agriculture. To compare with urban, rural areas were considered to be backward, retarded, not worthy of an intensive research. But the situation has changed in the last time. Although cities are still centres of development in the globalization process, people in Europe leave them as a result of the processes of suburbanization and counter-urbanization. The share of rural population slowly increases in European countries. In addition, farmers form only a minority in contemporary rural settlements. The countryside is getting to be a multi-functional space. Secondary and tertiary sectors penetrate to the countryside. Tourism and agro-tourism develop in the large scale. Agriculture is getting focused more on the maintenance of landscape than with the production. On the other hand, environmental problems also have an impact on rural landscape. European countryside develops within the globalization process.
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Orlicko development in citizens´ opinion
Vajdová, Zdenka
The contribution informs public about sociological survey of Orlicko citizens in 2008. Analytic information on the citizens´ opinions and attitudes toward the contemporary developing projects and intentions in the territory, on effects of travel industry development and on citizens´ relation toward local self-government is notified.
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National minority groups in the Czech republic and Latvia. An example of minority education in mother tongue
Nosková, Helena
The aim of the paper is to approach history and present state of national minority groups in the Czech Republic and Latvia. The paper focuses particularly on the Russian minority in Latvia including its historical emergence and link with contemporary history of Latvia, its relationship to Latvia and education of children in their mother tongue.As to the Czech Republic, the paper focuses on the Slovak minority, its structure and failed promotion of education of children with Slovak background in their mother tongue due to lack of interest of Slovak parents and children about the education.
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The Russian and Ukrainian minority in Czech republic
Nosková, Helena
The article describes immigration of so called white Russian and Ukrainian emigration into Czechoslovakia during 1919-1922 which was realised according to an agreement between politicians of Czechoslovakia and pre-revolutionary Russia. A process of establishing Russian and Ukrainian institutions in the Czech lands is described and analysed as to productions of those institutions in the 1920-1939. Circumstances of the Russian and Ukrainian immigration after 1945 are illustrated and foundation of Russian and Ukrainian civil societies after 1945 till present is documented.
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Rurální pohraničí Česka
Vaishar, Antonín
110 border microregions constituted by the catchment centres of authorized municipal authorities were demarcated during the analysis of the Czech borderland. The following facts were stated: a slightly better demographic situation of borderland (particularly the rural one), markedly lower educational level, higher unemployment which is however related to ther structural transition of economy, insufficient infrastructure. Future of the rural borderland is seen more in sustainable settlement than in economic development. Qualification structure seems to the main barrier of development and cross-border co-operation, in which social contacts are being created first while the actual economic co-operation is till at the beginning. Further research will be focused on the microregions of very small centres that might be considered the most problematic.
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Vývoj struktury osídlení v pohraničních regionech ČR
Dvořák, Petr
The article describes population and settlement development of Czech border regions between 1930 and 1974. The study deals with the evaluation of the process of settlement desertion after 2 nd World War, especially after the expulsion of the German population from the Czech Republic. After we analysed about 250 settlement units which were perished in these two decades, we formulate main factors of settlement desertion process.
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Malá města jako centra rurálních mikroregionů
Vaishar, Antonín ; Zapletalová, Jana
The paper deals with the Czech small towns as a centers of rural microregions. Mircoregions in the central European conditions are usually consist of a microregional centre (a small town as a rule) and surrounding villages. Small towns are analyzed by the point of view of services on the basic urban level, jobs, social contacts, occasions of traveling outside of the micro-region, services of the state administration and sometimes also an identity of the micro-region etc.
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