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Estimation of turbulence dissipation rate by Large eddy PIV method in an agitated vessel
Kysela, Bohuš ; Jašíková, D. ; Konfršt, Jiří ; Šulc, R. ; Ditl, P.
The distribution of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate is important for design of mixing apparatuses in chemical industry. Generally used experimental methods of velocity measurements for measurement in complex geometries of an agitated vessel disallow measurement in resolution of small scales close to turbulence dissipation ones. Therefore, Particle image velocity (PIV) measurement method improved by large eddy PIV approach was used. Large eddy PIV method is based on modeling of smallest eddies by a sub grid scale (SGS) model. This method is similar to numerical calculations using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and the same SGS models are used. In this work the basic Smagorinsky model was employed and compared with power law approximation. Time resolved PIV data were processed by Large Eddy PIV approach and the obtained results of turbulent kinetic dissipation rate were compared in selected points for several operating conditions (impeller speed, operating liquid viscosity).
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Comparison of measured instantaneous velocities and a calculated flow in an agitated vessel
Kysela, Bohuš ; Pešava, V. ; Konfršt, Jiří ; Chára, Zdeněk ; Kotek, M.
Proces míchání je řízen změnami rychlostního pole a tvorbou vírových struktur v průběhu pracovního cyklu. V této studii porovnáváme výsledky CFD výpočtů s výsledky měření střední prostorově průměrované rychlosti, a také polohově závislé rychlosti odpovídající otáčivému pohybu míchadla, při kterém vznikají vírové struktury. Experimentální data časových řad dvourozměrných vektorových map rychlostí byly získány pomocí TR PIV měření v oblasti míchadla. Pro získání hodnot okamžitých rychlostí a vírových struktur bylo použito modelování pomocí LES v kombinaci s SM simulací pohybu oblasti s míchadlem. Získané výsledky jsou zde porovnány a aplikace použité metody diskutována.
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Fine set-up of the Ar-Ion laser and fibre loader
Konfršt, Jiří ; Kysela, Bohuš ; Chára, Zdeněk
Use of lasers in the measuring systems, which use LDA/PDA devices, expects good knowledge of physical characteristics of used light source namely for multicomponent measurements. This article is focused on the experimental parameter analysis of individually separated light wavelength from Ar-Ion plasma tube, working in multiline “ML” mode. The best laser source parameters: aperture size, power input and quality of the utilized separate wavelengths were obtained and beams were adjusted to the optical fibres.
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Evaluation and accuracy of the local velocity data measurements in an agitated vessel
Kysela, Bohuš ; Konfršt, Jiří ; Chára, Zdeněk ; Kotek, M.
Velocity measurements of the flow field in an agitated vessel are necessary for the improvement and better understanding of the mixing processes. The obtained results are used for the calculations of the impeller pumping capacity, comparison of the power consumption etc. We performed various measurements of the local velocities in an agitated vessel final results of which should be processed for several purposes so it was necessary to make an analysis of the obtained data suitability and their quality. Analysed velocity data were obtained from the LDA (Laser Doppler Anemometry) and PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) measurements performed on a standard equipment where the flat bottomed vessel with four baffles was agitated by the six-blade Rushton turbine. The results from both used methods were compared. The frequency analyses were examined as well as the dependency of the data rates, time series lengths etc. The demands for the data processed in the form of the ensemble-averaged results were also established.
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LDA measurements and turbulence spectral analysis in an agitated vessel
Kysela, Bohuš ; Konfršt, Jiří ; Chára, Zdeněk
During the last years considerable improvement of the derivation of turbulence power spectrum from Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) has been achieved. The irregularly sampled LDA data is proposed to approximate by several methods e.g. Lomb-Scargle method, which estimates amplitude and phase of spectral lines from missing data, methods based on the reconstruction of the auto-correlation function (referred to as correlation slotting technique), methods based on the reconstruction of the time series using interpolation between the uneven sampling and subsequent resampling etc. These different methods were used on the LDA data measured in an agitated vessel and the results of the power spectrum calculations were compared. The measurements were performed in the mixing vessel with flat bottom. The vessel was equipped with four baffles and agitated with a six-blade pitched blade impeller. Three values of the impeller speed (Reynolds number) were tested. Long time series of the axial velocity component were measured in selected points. In each point the time series were analyzed and evaluated in a form of power spectrum.
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Simulation of flow and dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy in an agitated vessel
Kysela, Bohuš ; Skočilas, J. ; Konfršt, Jiří ; Chára, Zdeněk
Velocity field and distribution of dissipation rate are key parameters for design of mixing apparatuses. In this contribution we compared the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) calculations with results of mean ensemble-averaged velocities measured by LDA (Laser Doppler Anemometry) and with results of derived dissipation rates where the total dissipation rate was used as control value. The comparison showed that the neither k-ε model (based on isotropic turbulence) nor RSM (Reynolds Stress Model) did not calculate the velocities in regions where the trailing vortices are developed (near impeller blade edges etc.) and in a region of main stream of the impeller where the flow is strongly anisotropic quite accurately. Similar discrepancies were observed for the dissipation rate; moreover the lower values of dissipation rate are also calculated in bulk volume of mixing vessel. Generally, the total dissipation rate results from the CFD calculations are lower then the real values. This is in an agreement with other published results.
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