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Měření tlaku sytých par kyseliny sírové – předběžné výsledky
Krejčí, A. Petr ; Ždímal, Vladimír ; Schwarz, Jaroslav ; Hrubý, Jan
Sulphuric acid is crucial component in the initial stage of vapour to liquid transition – nucleation, very important step in environmental and industrial processes, as well as in public health issues. Involved processes are cloud droplet formation, flue gas dew point temperature estimates, as well as increased mortality in highly polluted areas. To model mentioned processes, it is essential to know equilibrium pressures of vapours in concern, sulphuric acid vapour especially.
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Nová laboratorní parní zkušební trať
Peukert, Pavel ; Hrubý, Jan
A novel laboratory steam test rig is being developed. It is intended primarily for the following purposes: i. development and testing of probes for sampling dry steam to determine heterogeneous nuclei in the steam, ii. study of liquid-vapor transport of admixtures in boiling, iii. study of heat transport in boiling and condensation processes, especially methods of heat transfer enhancement. The test rig allows accurate adjustment of the mass flow up to 0.25 kg per minute and adjustment of pressure up to 34 MPa and temperature up to 400°C. In the present stage, the pressure is limited to 4 MPa.
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Kapky v plynných proudech: jejich původ, měření a separace
Hrubý, Jan
We review some interesting aspects of the origin of the droplets by atomization or vapor-liquid nucleation, measurement of droplets by light scattering, and separation of droplets. Production of small droplets around 10 microns requires high pressure spraying or two-phase nozzles with help of high pressure gas. Smallest droplets – from 1 nm – can be formed by vapor-liquid nucleation processes. Application of the constant angle Mie scattering method enabled measurement of fast growing droplets in the range of 300 nm to 2000 nm. Examples of separation of droplets using inertial effects are given.
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Rosný bod spalin: teoretické modelování a předběžné měření
Krejčí, A. Petr ; Hrubý, Jan ; Ždímal, V. ; Trávníček, Zdeněk
Based on industrial needs, the dew point temperature of flue gases is re-examined, both theoretically and experimentally, with mixture of sulphuric acid and water vapors as a flue gas model. This work is motivated by inconsistency and unsufficient accuracy of previous works, which differ significantly in data on sulphuric acid saturation pressure. Experimental setup based on the Laminar co-flow tube is used to express saturation pressure of sulphuric acid via measurements of binary homogeneous nucleation rate.
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Aerosol in the steam turbine?
Kolovratník, Michal ; Hrubý, Jan ; Ždímal, Vladimír
The small amount of admixtures in steam circuits of power stations influences their life-expectancy and energetic efficiency. It is likely that non-volatile admixtures are in the environment of the dry (superheated) steam transported in the form lf dry particles or concentrated nanometric droplets, aerosols. For the detection of these particles a new sampling line is proposed, using the aerosol technology. It will be possible to connect the sampling line to sampling ports of a steam turbine.
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