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Experimental and Theoretical Comparative Study of Monolayer and Bulk MoS2 under Compression
del Corro, Elena ; Morales-García, A. ; Peňa-Alvarez, M. ; Kavan, Ladislav ; Kalbáč, Martin ; Frank, Otakar
Recently, a new family of 2D materials with exceptional optoelectronic properties has stormed into the scene of nanotechnology, the transition metal dichalcogenides (e.g., MoS2). In contrast with graphene, which is a zero band gap semiconductor, many of the single layered materials from this family show a direct band-gap in the visible range. This band-gap can be tuned by several factors, including the thickness of the sample; the transition from a direct to indirect semiconductor state takes place in MoS2 when increasing the number of layers from 1 towards the bulk. Applying strain/stress has been revealed as another tool for promoting changes in the electronic structure of these materials; however, only a few experimental works exist for MoS2. In this work we present a comparative study of single layered and bulk MoS2 subjected to direct out-of-plane compression, using high pressure anvil cells and monitoring with non-resonant Raman spectroscopy; accompanying the results with theoretical DFT studies. In the case of monolayer MoS2 we observe transitions from direct to indirect band-gap semiconductor and to semimetal, analogous to the transitions observed under hydrostatic pressure, but promoted at more accessible pressure ranges (similar to 25 times lower pressure). For bulk MoS2, both regimes, hydrostatic and uniaxial, lead to the semimetallization at similar pressure values, around 30 GPa. Our calculations reveal different driving forces for the metallization in bulk and monolayer samples.
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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PIB-BASED CVD GRAPHENE TRANSFER EFFICIENCY
Bouša, Milan ; Kalbáč, Martin ; Jirka, Ivan ; Kavan, Ladislav ; Frank, Otakar
The transfer of graphene prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) from metal catalyst to target substrate is an important step in preparing desirable nanoscale structures in various fields of science, and thus searching for fast, cheap and clean method attracts great interest. Investigation of mechanical properties of graphene, which are crucial for applications in flexible electronics, performed on bendable synthetic materials, requires a transfer technique using polymers soluble in aliphatic solvents harmless for target polymer substrates. In this study we explore a dry technique using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as stamping polymer and polyisobutylene (PIB) layer as graphene-support polymer. After the transfer PDMS is peeled off and PIB is dissolved in hexane, hence this method fulfils the above mentioned prerequisite. The effectiveness of this transfer was examined by scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy and Raman microspectroscopy including micro-mapping, and finally by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. With all methods carried out, it was found that this sort of stamp-technique is suitable for a high precision transfer of small grains of CVD graphene onto polymer substrates with large yields and similar purity compared to poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA)based transfer methods. However, it introduces substantial quantity of surface discontinuities, and therefore this is not a proper method for large scale applications.
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