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Hydrology of small basin 2008
Šír, Miloslav ; Tesař, Miroslav ; Lichner, Ľ.
The book includes the full text of 48 scientific articles. These articles were prepared as the contributions for the Conference with international participation “Hydrology of a small basin 2011” that was held from April 23th to April 24th 2008 in Prague. The Conference was organized by the Institute of Hydrodynamics ASCR, v.v.i. in Prague; Institute of Hydrology SAS in Bratislava; the Czech Water Management Society in Prague and Czech Committee for Hydrology. The book was published by the Institute of Hydrodynamics ASCR, v.v.i. in Prague in 2008.
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Hydrograph separation using ionic concentration measurement
Vondrka, A. ; Šír, Miloslav ; Tesař, Miroslav
In this article a method of hydrograph separation based on ionic concentration measurement is discussed. The goal of the method described is to distinguish the “old” and “new” water flowing in a stream in the closing profile of a small mountainous catchment. The “new water” is the rain water or the soil water which contact with the soil has a very short duration, a few minutes or hours. The term “old water” denotes water which was stored in the soil cover for many days or weeks. The Na+ and K+ ions will be used as the tracers distinguishing the “old” and “new” water. Namely, it is known that the concentration of the K+ ion in the soil water is decreasing according the growing duration of the contact of water with soil and plants roots. Ionic concentration will be measured with the help of ion selective electrodes. Two and three component separation algorithm will be used for the hydrograph separation.
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Formation of extreme rains in the Krkonoše Mts. in summer 2002 and 2006
Tesař, Miroslav ; Šír, Miloslav ; Fišák, Jaroslav
In the article, hydrological and meteorological conditions preceding two extreme rains in the Krkonoše Mts. in summer 2002 and 2006 are discussed. Both were caused by cyclones, which moved from Hungary to Poland. Meteorological conditions preceding the rains were very similar in both cases – long-lasting lack of precipitation and extraordinary high air temperatures. We analyze the role of insufficient plant transpiration in the rise of both extreme rains.
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Hydrologic extremes and gross primary productivity in the Liz catchment
Šír, Miloslav ; Tesař, Miroslav ; Lichner, Ľ. ; Váchala, J. ; Krejča, M.
The synergy between hydrologic extremes, plant transpiration, gross primary productivity, and soil water retention was studied in the experimental area Zábrod – meadow in the Bohemian Forest. Heat balance, potential and actual transpiration, entropy production and gross primary productivity were evaluated. It was found that the soil water retention is the crucial factor determining hydrologic pattern and gross primary productivity. Insufficient soil water retention leads to small entropy production by evaporation and small gross primary productivity, which results in the extremalization of the hydrologic cycle. On the other hand, in the case of sufficient soil water retention, high entropy production by transpiration and high gross primary productivity leads to the stability of the hydrologic cycle.
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Dynamika půdní vody na Šumavě a v Krkonoších v srpnu 2002
Tesař, Miroslav ; Krejča, M. ; Polívka, Jiří ; Šír, Miloslav
The soil water movement during extreme rain is analysed in the Doupě and Kout catchment (Šumava Mts, Southern Bohemia) and in the Modrý Důl catchment (Krkonoše Mts., Northern Bohemia). Two cyclones, which moved from Hungary to Poland, caused extreme rainfall and subsequent extreme runoff in August, 2002. Precipitation, air and soil temperature, and tensiometric pressure were recorded in catchments. The analysis showed that the huge rain amount in August 2002 exceeded the retention capacity of the catchment covered by mature spruce forest and dwarf pine forest (Modrý Důl), dead forest and herb undergrowth (Kout), clearing covered by herbs (Doupě). It means that the plant cover played a negligible role in the runoff generation. The soil cover was not able to prevent the country from catastrophic runoff because its retention capacity is rather low (60 – 90 mm).
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Soluble and insoluble pollutants in fog and rime water samples
Fišák, Jaroslav ; Stoyanova, V. ; Chaloupecký, Pavel ; Řezáčová, Daniela ; Tsacheva, Ts. ; Kupenova, T. ; Marinov, M.
Mean soluble component concentrations in the air appear higher during the rime events than during the fog events at Milesovka. We recorded larger mean particle size of insoluble compounds in fog water than in rime water samples. Some elements in insoluble particles like Ca, Cl, C, Cu, Ag were present largely in fog, and the others, like Fe, Al, Si, Ti, prevailed in rime.
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Vliv vegetace na tepelnou bilanci a výměnu entropie
Šír, Miloslav ; Weger, J. ; Tesař, Miroslav ; Lichner, Ľ.
The aim of this study is to quantify the synergy between the vegetation cover, solar radiation, air temperature and soil moisture. Heat balance, potential and actual transpiration, and net entropy exchange at three localities under different plant cover was studied in order to determine crucial factors determining phytomass productivity in cold climatic areas of Bohemian Forest. The phytomass productivity can be quantified by the entropy exchange associated with the latent heat flux. Water shortage is a crucial factor determining phytomass productivity in dry and warm seasons in cold climatic conditions of Czech mountains.
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The solid depozited precipitation in the small catchments in the Czech Republic
Fišák, Jaroslav ; Tesař, Miroslav
The samples were collected in two localities differing in the industrial pollutant load. The first locality situated in the Sumava Mts. represents a relatively clean region of the Czech Republic. The second locality is situated in the Northern Bohemia. This locality is represented by the Milesovka Observatory of the IAP ASCR. The region is heavy polluted by the industrial load in this case. The one-shot sample collection in the Sumava Mts. at 28 localities was made on January 4th, 1990. There were shown: i) The ion concentrations in the rime water depend on the industrial load of the region and on the local pollutant sources; ii) The local pollutant sources play the main role in ion concentrations in rime water; iii) The ion concentrations decrease with altitude.
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