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Current possibilities of asthma therapy
Košková, Jana ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of farmacology and toxicology Jana Košková Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Current possibilities of treatment of asthma The asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of respiratory ways, which affects a significant proportion of global population and its prevalence is increasing. Together with inflammation, bronchial hyperreactivity and intermittent obstruction of respiratory ways are involved in the iniciation and development of asthma. Asthma is caused not only by the genetic predisposition, but also by the environment and current lifestyle. The repeated states of breathlessness, wheeze on chest, feel of pressure on chest and cough are the typical the clinical symptoms of the clinical picture. These problems occur frequently at night and early in the morning. Classification based on seriousness of clinical status before treatment divides the asthma for intermittent, mild persistent, moderate persistent and severe persistent. A new approach to the asthma resulted to the changes in pharmacotherapy. The important change was determination of drugs, which will be used to treatment of the acute attacks of asthma and preventive drugs for long-term regular use. Inhalation corticosteroids...
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Toxicology of smoking
Hniličková, Petra ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
TOXICOLOGY OF SMOKING Master's Thesis Petra Hniličková Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology This master's thesis is engaged in problems of smoking, because smoking repre- sents with its addictive character and health effects one of important medical problems. In one cigarette is in addition to nicotine (a vegetable alkaloid which is addictive) included a large number of harmful chemicals. The tobacco smoke contains toxic gases (carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, ammonia), nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydro- carbons, aromatic amines, heavy metals (such as nickel, cadmium, arsenic and polonium-210) and solid particles (mainly tar). All of these chemicals are harmful to human body and their effect is hard to predict because harmful pollutants from tabacco smoke work in combination. About 4.8 million people annually die of diseases caused by smoking. In this thesis are described the most frequent causes of death, such as car-diovascular diseases, cancer (especially lung cancer), chronic obstructive lung disease (CHOPN) and others. Individual chapters are dedicated to problems of second-hand smoke and legislative measures to prevent damages caused by tobacco products.
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Effects of New Qinazoline Derivate on the Respiratory System
Štěpánová, Hana ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Hana Štěpánová Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of rigorous thesis: Effects of new qinazoline derivate on the respiratory system The diseases of airways are a grave health, social and economic problem. To treatment of asthma is traditionaly used an Asiatic plant Justicia adhatoda, Acathaceae. For therapeutic effects of plant are responsible quinazoline alcaloids vasicine and vasicinone. The aim of this presented work was to determine a bronchodilator potential of derivates of quinazoline alcaloids, VN-027 (4-[3-(piperidine- 1-yl)propyloxy]pyrimidine) and VN-033 (2-[3-(piperidine- 1-yl)propylsulphanyl]quinoxaline). For evaluation theirs relaxing effect on smooth muscle of airway we used a method of isolated rat trachea. After pre-contraction by carbachol (10-5 M) was every sample of smooth muscle of trachea relaxed by growing concentration (10-7 to 10-2 M) of test substances, for maximal relaxing of trachea we used theophylline (10-2 M) in the end of experiment. From grained values we built the DRC curves in programme GraphPad and calculated the values of EC50 (1,115.10-3 for VN-027 and 6,404.10-6 for VN-033). The results were compared with a standard drug of...
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Toxicology of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Kohoutková, Zuzana ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
The object of the dissertation was to give a survey of the adverse effect and toxicity of NSAIDs, especially coxibs. The coxibs are nonsteroidal anti-inflamatory drugs, which selective inhibit the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase-2. Clinical studies in healthly subjects and patients with rheumatic diseases suggest improved gastrointestinal tolerability. Coxibs have not significantly affected platelet function in healthy subjects. They have potentially prothrombotic effect. This effect mandates other evaluation mainly in patients with cardiovascular diseases, who are at the risk for cardiovascular events.
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Toxicology of pesticides
Dubská, Veronika ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
Toxykology of pesticides Pesticides are substances or mixtures substances as a natural so synthetic origin. By effect of pesticides is removing of pest and undesirable plants. However owing to their toxicity and unaware manipulation with these substances may go to a waste of another than target organism, plants, rivers and land. The target of this graduation theses has been draw up possibility hazards resulting of using these substances.
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Effect of compounds of plant origin on the respiratory tract
Hladká, Pavla ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
Léčivé rostlin y tvoří důl ežitou součást moderní m edi cí ny. V praxi slouží k izolaci l éčiv ých lát ek použiteln ých v t erapii, dále j ako podpora medikam entózní l éčb y. O bsahují slož ité kompl ex y účinných l átek, jejichž účinek se navzájem podporuje a dopl ňuje, takže bývají účinnější než jednotli vé izol ované látk y. Při l éčbě respirační ch chorob se nejvíce uplatňují předevší m obsahové l átk y z Adhatoda vasica, Ephedra sinica či kodein j ako anti tusikum. Vasi ci n j e l át ka i z ol ovaná z i ndi cké rost l i n y Adhat oda vasi ca. Vasi ci n m á ši rok é spekt rum i ndi k ac í . Nej v ět ší upl at nění , nach áz í v t erapi i onem oc nění d ých ací ch cest - r ým a, k ašel , nachl az ení , bronchi t i da, ast m a. P odl e st udií m á krom ě bronchodi l at ační ch, ex pekt orační ch či ant i t usi ck ých ú či nků t aké prot i z ánět l i v ý ú či nek srovnat el n ý s úči nkem h ydroko rt i z o nu, dál e ochr an n ý vl i v na m yši před i oni z uj í cí m z áření m . J eho použ i t í j e kont rai ndi kováno v t ěhot enst ví . Lát k y s podobnou strukturou (vasicinon, AA, R LX nebo brom hex i n) v yk az uj í na d ýcha c í ces t y bronchodi l at a č ní , m ukol y t i ckou či prot i al er gi ckou akt i vi t u. Efedri n, i z ol ován z Ephedra si ni ca, se dří ve použ í val čast o, dnes j e...
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Study of change of reactivation potency and also ability of penetration throught the blood-brain barrier of newly prepared (fluorinated) acetylcholinesterase reactivator
Jurczyk, Pavel ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Ing. Pavel Jurczyk Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Study of change of reactivation potency and also ability of penetration throught the blood-brain barrier of newly prepared (fluorinated) acetylcholinesterase reactivator The purpose of our experiment was to find that introduction of Fluor atom to the reactivator structure leads to higher potency of reactivation action or improved the ability to permeate into the brain. The higher concentration of effective oxime in the brain may leads to increasion of reactivation efficacy in the central nervous system. We compare therapeutical potency of this compound against commonly used not fluorinated oxim reactivators acetylcholinesterase by intoxication with tabun in vivo. Experiments were performed on male of laboratory Wistar rats. Atropin in the dose (21 mg/kg) in combination with reactivator 5 minutes before intoxication (1 LD50; 180 μg/kg) were applied intramuscularly. Thirty minutes after intoxications animals were killed in CO2 atmosphere and took up them blood, brain and diaphragm. The plasma was prepared by centrifugation of the blood at 3000 ot./min. by 10 0 C. The activity AChE and BuChE were...
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Health and other risks of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins.
Skřivánková, Kateřina ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
v anglickém jazyce Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Skřivánková Kateřina Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Health and other risks of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins. The thesis is focused on the health risks of halogen aromatic dibenzioxins. In view of the fact that these substances have never been intently produced industrially, the resources of the toxic information are the epidemiological analysis and the laboratory animal studies. The thesis documents the toxicological effects on organisms and the environmental risks of these compounds, especially of the most toxic congener 2,3,7,8 tetrachlordibenzo-p-dioxin. The thesis is the search work, the data are formed of the summary of the bibliographic notes about this topic.
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Purinergic Modulation of NMDA-evoked Release of Noradrenaline from Slices of Rat Brain Cortex
Pelikánová, Tereza ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Farmacology and Toxicology Performed at: the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto Candidate: Tereza Pelikánová Supervisors: Maria da Glória Correia da Silva Queiroz, PhD PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Purinergic Modulation of NMDA-evoked Release of Noradrenaline from Slices of Rat Brain Cortex ABSTRACT In the rat brain cortex, noradrenaline (NA) release can be triggered by activation of neurons projecting from locus coeruleus and by locally released glutamate. ATP released from astrocytes may also activate P2 receptors contributing to the modulation of neuron-glia signalling in noradrenergic and glutamatergic transmissions. The P2Y1 receptor subtype has been shown to modulate cortical NMDA receptor channels, but the subtypes of purinergic receptors involved in modulation of NA release in brain cortex remain unknown. The aim of this study was to identify the purinergic receptors involved in the modulation of NA release evoked by activation of NMDA receptors in rat cerebral cortex. Brain slices were incubated with [3H]-NA, superfused with buffer with 0 Mg2+ and stimulated for two periods (S1 and S2) with 30 μM NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) applied for 2 min, with an interval of 45 min. During...
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