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Observation of phases of surface changes above exploited deposits of sedimentary type
Kajzar, Vlastimil ; Doležalová, Hana ; Staš, Lubomír ; Souček, Kamil ; Šimkovičová, Jarmila
Due to exploitation of coal and other raw materials of sedimentary type there happen many surface changes connected mostly with subsidence, shifts and deformations of the area of interest. Such processes happen mainly in the overlaying strata of exploited coalface. Size and directions of these movements and deformations depend generally on many factors, primarily on geo-mechanical properties of overlaying strata and general technique of exploitation of the deposit. One of the ways of surface observation of time spatial changes is the usage of modern methods for precise determination of changing position of geo-features. Among these methods we rank GPS surveying and usage of methods for gaining data from aerial photogrammetry. Subsequent processing, analysis and modelling of output data by means of modern GIS software offer an efficient source of information for subsequent work and decisions.
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Horizontal stress in Czech part of Upper Silesian Basin
Staš, Lubomír ; Kolcun, Alexej ; Šimkovičová, Jarmila ; Souček, Kamil
The results of measurement by hydrofracturing method in the area of Czech part of USB are discussed. The measurements proved some general direction of the primary stress impact: high anisotrophy of horizontal stress, relatively high ratio of horizontal to vertical stresses ((SH+Sh)/Sv÷2). Horizontal stresses in the zones intensely disturbed by mining activity indicate magnitudes corresponding only to effect of overburden load in elastic model of rock mass. Orientation of horizontal stress either corresponds direction of presumed effect of superposition of Carpathian nappes or copiers direction of vicinity tectonic faults usually near of them.
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