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Biogeography of arachnofauna of the Alps
Šilhavá, Alena ; Šťáhlavský, František (advisor) ; Řezáč, Milan (referee)
This bachelor thesis gives a summarizing overview of the biogeography of arachnofauna of the Alps. It covers five orders of arachnids residing in the Alps, namely scorpions (Scorpiones), pseudoscorpions (Pseudoscorpiones), palpigrades (Palpigradi), harvestmen (Opiliones) and spiders (Araneae). The work is focused on the distribution of endemic and subendemic species of these orders of arachnids and on factors that can influence their distribution and total diversity in the Alps. It turns out that temperature and humidity are important factors. Pseudoscorpions occur more frequently in warmer areas at lower altitudes, while especially scorpions of the genus Euscorpius (Alpiscorpius) and harvestmen are more tolerant to areas with a lower temperature, while harvestmen especially require sufficient humidity. For spiders in the mountains of the Alps total species richness and density decreases mainly from open land to the forest. Total diversity in the Alps has also been influenced by temperature oscillations during the Quaternary climatic changes and different positions and types of refugia. This is apparent at the species closely related to soil environment, such as palpigrades or cave pseudoscorpions of the family Syarinidae. Key words: biogeography, the Alps, endemic, Scorpiones, Pseudoscorpiones,...
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Diversity of harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) in Europe
Hiřman, Matyáš ; Šťáhlavský, František (advisor) ; Řezáč, Milan (referee)
This bachelor thesis contains the overall description of diversity of harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) in Europe. The total appearance of this type in Europe is counted in 459 species from 10 different families out of all four distinguished suborders. Europe nowadays belongs to the most studied continent and that's why Europe got the possibility to being explored and watched in many ways. Explored were the general trends in appearance of individual groups of harvestmen, the most important factors, which could affect their expansion and diversity. We're talking about the abiotic factors as the climate, temperature, humidity and altitude, and the biotic ones. Biotic factors are vegetation, the human impact and the invasive species. Unfortunately the number of the detailed analysis, which contains this issues, is very low. That makes us unable to valorize the influence of all the factors in detail. At least the basic connections in diversity of this family in Europe were explored. The studies show, that the main influence on the overall diversity has the temperature and humidity. These are closely connected with other factors as altitude and vegetation are. Key words: Harvestmen, biogeography, diversity, classification, abiotic factor, biotic factor.
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