|
|
FOOD SAFETY IN COOPERATION WITH RASFF SYSTEM
ŘÍHA, Michal
Summary The primary aim of this study is the definition of the function of the RASFF system, established in the Czech Republic based on the Regulation No. 178/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council. Secondary aim is the analysis of the most frequently occurring notifications and hazardous foods available in the Czech market. The Czech Republic became a full member of the European Union on 1 May 2004. Hence, it has decided to adopt Community rules and to become part of the common European market. This decision also entails a need to respect all commitments resulting from acquis communautaire. One of the basic commitments laid down in the Treaty establishing European Community is that to guarantee high level of health protection and to strengthen consumer protection. Basic legal framework in the EU, as well as in the Czech Republic, is provided by Regulation No. 178/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council. It covers all stages of production, processing and distribution of food and feed (the food chain) and as a key principle identifies risk analysis {--} a process consisting of three components: risk assessment, risk management and risk communication. The legal basis for the European Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) is Regulation (EC) No. 178/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council, specifically Articles 50 {--} 52. In the Czech Republic, it is defined in Act No. 110/1997 Coll., on foodstuffs and tobacco products, as subsequently amended, and in Act No. 91/1996 Coll., on feedstuffs, as subsequently amended, and in more details it is governed by Government Regulation No. 98/2005 Coll., establishing rapid alert system on emergence of risk of threatening human health by food and feed, which came into force on 1 March 2005. Individual members of the RASFF network in the Czech Republic is the CAFIA, which is at the same time the National Contact Point, Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, public health protection bodies, veterinary administration bodies, customs services, State Office for Nuclear Safety, Ministry of Justice and Ministry of Agriculture. The CAFIA plays two roles in the system. On one hand, it is a state body supervising compliance with obligations laid down by the Food Act, on the other hand, pursuant to Article 15(4) of this Act, it is the National Contact Point (NCP) for the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) in the Czech Republic. In 2005, the CAFIA received 51 notifications through NCP; of this, 24 (47%) fell within CAFIA competencies which ensured their investigation in the field and through additional notification informed back on the results. The Czech Trade Inspection participated in investigation of one case. A total of 38 notifications regarding market inspection were sent from the Czech Republic through NCP; of this, 31 cases (82%) arose from CAFIA inspection activities. In connection with import controls of food and raw materials originating in third countries, NCP notified 7 cases of consignments rejected on borders and not placed on the market. The CAFIA is involved in these cases together with customs services in accordance with agreement on mutual collaboration and cooperation, concluded between the CAFIA and the General Directorate of Customs.
|
|
|
Leniency programme as a fair tool of EU competition law
Svoboda, Michael ; Šmejkal, Václav (advisor) ; Říha, Michal (referee)
Leniency programme as a fair tool of EU competition law Abstract This diploma thesis addresses the question whether the Commission's leniency programme respects the fundamental rights and principles protecting undertakings from abuse of power by the Commission, in other words whether the Commission's leniency programme is fair and proportionate. After a general introduction to the conditions of the Commission's leniency programme, the diploma thesis analyses the relationship of the leniency programme to the various fundamental rights and principles - namely the principle of legal certainty and legitimate expectations, the principle of equal treatment and the right to a fair trial. These particular rights and principles have been selected because they appear to be the most relevant with respect to the specifics of the leniency program. In relation to the principle of legal certainty and legitimate expectation, the focus is on the hypothetical application and marker application, the evidence required to obtain immunity, evidence with significant added value, the conditions of cooperation with the Commission, the timing of notification of the fulfilment of the conditions of the leniency programme, the level of reduction of the fine and the issue of multijurisdictional leniency applications. In relation to the...
|
|
|
The concept of the rule of law in EU law
Tomčiak, Petr ; Kunertová, Tereza (advisor) ; Říha, Michal (referee)
The concept of the rule of law in EU law Abstract The rule of law is a philosophical concept in law defining the relationship between a man and the government. Different legal doctrines approach it in different ways, but in principle the issue of the rule of law in the European Union has become increasingly important in recent decades. The author discusses jurisprudential and theoretical foundations of the rule of law in Europe, then analyses the applicable EU law with a focus on the legal instruments for protection. Primary law refers to the concept of the rule of law already in Article 2 TEU as one of the values on which the Union is founded. Also, the rule of law is a condition for a candidate country to join the EU. The core part of the thesis addresses the instruments for the protection of the rule of law in EU law. First, Article 7 TEU, so-called 'rule of law procedure' is a mechanism by which a declaration that a Member State is at risk of violating EU values, including the rule of law, or perhaps a decision that a serious breach of values has occurred and a sanction can be adopted. The infringement procedure under Article 258 TFEU is often used to the rule of law protection. The Commission can initiate a procedure against a Member State that fails to comply with its obligations under EU law. In case...
|
|
|
Scotland as an independent country? The independence referendum and EU membership after Brexit
Lavičková, Kamila ; Kunertová, Tereza (advisor) ; Říha, Michal (referee)
Scotland as an Independent Country? The Independence Referendum and EU Membership after Brexit ABSTRACT This thesis deals with the issue of Scottish independence and prospective membership of Scotland in the EU. Following the United Kingdom withdrawal from the EU, calls for Scottish independence have been substantially intensified, because the majority of Scottish inhabitants had voted against Brexit. The Scottish National Party is currently in support of a second independence referendum, so that Scots could determine whether they would like to apply for the EU membership as an independent country. The UK Government has currently rather negative attitude towards another referendum, partly because referendum regarding the same question took place in 2014 and Scottish politicians proclaimed this had been a rare event, which would not take place more than once in a generation. However, support for Scotland's independence is increasing and an independence referendum could change the face of Scotland as we have known it for three centuries - as integral part of the United Kingdom. This undoubtedly unique situation raises many legal questions in relation to EU law, constitutional law and international public law. In my thesis I dedicate to the question of withdrawal from the EU. I also analyse UK's secession from...
|
|
|
Enhanced Cooperation in the EU
Flašíková, Martina ; Svobodová, Magdaléna (advisor) ; Říha, Michal (referee)
Enhanced Cooperation in the EU Abstract The subject of the master's thesis is the concept of enhanced cooperation in the EU. It is one of the key tools for achieving differentiated integration, which is often perceived as the future of the European Union. The thesis is aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the rules governing enhanced cooperation and its current use in practice. The evaluation of the enhanced cooperation mechanism is carried out mainly by comparison with the intergovernmental cooperation, which is often used as a replacement for enhanced cooperation. The master thesis offers a picture of enhanced cooperation as a mechanism that is imperfect but still provides a better alternative to intergovernmental cooperation. Recommendations for specific steps to improve the current legislation state and therefore to increase the use of enhanced cooperation have been formulated in the conclusion of this thesis.
|
|
|
Case study of physiotherapeutic care of patient with impingement sydrom
Vontorová, Simona ; Říha, Michal (advisor) ; Hlavičková, Růžena (referee)
Title: The case report of physiotherapy care of a patient with the diagnosis of impingement syndrom. The objective of this bachelor thesis is introduction of physiotherapy of upper limb girdle with impingement syndrom. The thesis is dividend in two main parts. In the first part is described the girdle of the upper limb in the view of anatomy, kinesiology and biomechanics. There are listed procedures for testing and treatment and point of view of physiotherapy and surgical treatment by arthroscopic method.In the specialized part is described a detailed case of a patient with impingement syndrom, which consists of the patient's history, incoming examination, therapy, outgoing examination and effect of the therapy . Key words: rotator cuff, shoulder joint, physiotherapy, arthroscopy, impingement syndrom
|
|
|
Case study of physiotherapy treatment of patient after stroke
Šťastná, Johana ; Říha, Michal (advisor) ; Hankovcová, Eva (referee)
CASE STUDY OF PHYSIOTHERAPY TREATMENT OF A PATIENT AFTER STROKE Objectives: Theoretical analysis of after stroke management and elaboration of physiotherapy treatment schedule in the form of an after stroke patient case study. Methods: This work was done with patients consent within an uninterrupted practice at Central Military Hospital in Prague at the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. The practice was held from 9th January to 3rd February. The work is divided into two main sections - a general (theoretical) and a special. In the general section is researched the theoretical background for status post hemorrhagic stroke. The general section includes basic characteristics of the illness, etiopathogenesis, incidence, diagnostics, treatment and options of physiotherapy methods concerning the illness. The special section contains the after stroke patient's case study, the review of proposed therapy and the therapy effect evaluation. Results: The patient's condition evolved during the treatment. The patient developed better muscular strength and joint movement, the swelling was reduced, right hand side of his body and limbs was strengthened and his overall stability and gait was improved. The improvement was indicated by functional scales tests as well. Keywords: hemorrhagic stroke,...
|
|
| |
|
|
Case studyof physiotherapy treatment of patient after fracture of second lumbar vertebra
Holá, Šárka ; Říha, Michal (advisor) ; Hankovcová, Eva (referee)
The title of the batchelor thesis: A Case Study of Physiotherapeutic Treatment of a Patient after Fracture of L2 Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is to gather theoretical information of physiotherapeutic care for patients after suffering a fracture of vertebrae of the lumbar spine and making the following case report of a patient after an extraction of a fixator for the stabilization of L2 vertebrae. Summary: The general part is dedicated to the theory of anatomy, biomechanics and kinesiology of a spine and refers to diagnostic methods and treatments of spine lesions. The detailed case report is describing a patient after an operation of the lumbar spine due to a fracture caused by a car accident. Keywords: lumbar spine, lumbar vertebrae, fracture, case study
|
|
|
Synthesis of precursors of fluorescent polyene ceramide
Říha, Michal ; Vávrová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Roh, Jaroslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Candidate: Michal Říha Supervisor: Doc. PharmDr. Kateřina Vávrová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Synthesis of precursors of fluorescent polyene ceramide Ceramides, a complex group of lipids belonging to sphingolipids, have significant func- tions in many processes in living systems. Their crucial importance consists in the cell signa- lization and co-creation of functional skin barrier. Fluorescently labelled lipid analogues are often used in the lipid research. Polyene-lipids, in which the fluorophore is formed by five conjugated double bonds, represent an advanced way of fluorescent labelling of lipid molecules. Thanks to their structure, the polyene-lipids uniquely mimic their natural counterparts. This thesis studies the possibilities of the synthesis of fluorescent polyene ceramide and describes the precursors, i.e. the key substances, suitable for the preparation of the target labelled ceramide. The fluorophore was planned to be situated in the sphingosine part of the molecule, so as the properties of analogues with variable acyl chain length could be studied in the future. Three synthetic ways have been designed and investigated. The first way (Synthesis A) consists in the...
|
guest ::
RSS feed.