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The CLIL Methodology and its Application in Primary Education
Červená, Michaela ; Vallin, Petra (advisor) ; Novotná, Kateřina (referee)
The diploma thesis is concerned with content and language integrated learning, the CLIL method. The thesis is specifically focused on English language teaching in primary education. The theoretical part contents an introduction of the CLIL methodology, its history and specifics, including the aims, activities or materials in CLIL lessons. The thesis also focuses on what the application of this method looks like in chosen European countries, including the Czech Republic. Specifically, in the case of the Czech Republic, the thesis lists information related to CLIL teachers, the organization of CLIL classes, or CLIL projects that have taken place in the territory over the past years. The aim of the practical part is to describe how the method is applied in chosen Czech primary schools and how it is viewed by teachers and pupils in terms of its attractiveness and effectiveness. The research is designed as a multiple case study with the usage of observations of CLIL lessons and interviews with CLIL teachers and pupils at three primary schools in Prague. The result of the practical part is an analysis of the interviews and the author's observations of the CLIL lessons, completed by a summary of the findings from all the parts of the research altogether. These findings are then compared in the final...
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Usage of NANDA II Classification in Nursing Care for Senior Citizens in the Old People´s Home
ČERVENÁ VRÁTNÍKOVÁ, Michaela
Old People´s Homes represent one of the options of caring for senior citizens. They focus on senior citizens over 65 who, due to deterioration of their physical and mental status or unfavourable social situation, need permanent assistance from another person. The role of Old People´s Homes is to enable the clients to spend their old age in a worthy and satisfying way, and to keep and support their self-sufficiency. Senior citizens there are looked after by a multidisciplinary team of experts comprising doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, ergotherapists, attendant care workers and social workers. Nurses in Old People´s Homes work according to standards of nursing and social care, and they work using the method of nursing process. Nursing diagnostics is its integral part. It works on careful collection of information about a client and serves for exact and brief naming of his/her state of health ? current or potencial nursing problem, and subsequently helps to choose appropriate interventions that will lead to maintenance or restitution of client´s health. Theoretical part of the thesis describes ageing and old age, options of caring for senior citizens, care in Old People´s Homes. It also deals with geriatric syndroms, NANDA classification, its history and importance, and making nursing diagnoses.Practical part of the thesis is divided into two parts. The first part aims to discover how NANDA II classification is used in nursing care in Old People´s Homes, and to find out the attitude of nurses in Old People´s Homes to use of NANDA II classification. To reach these objectives, two research questions were asked: ?How do nurses use NANDA II classification?? and ?What is the attitude of nurses to use of NANDA II classification?? The aim of the second part of the research is to discover how education of nurses affects their attitude to use of NANDA II classification. To reach this objective, the following research question was asked: ?How do nurses change their attitude to use of NANDA II classification after the educational training course??To find out the necessary information, the qualitative research, the method of asking questions and true experiment, and the technique of in-depth interview were used. The interviews were recorded on a voice recorder, their exact transcription followed. Data gained from the interviews were processed by the technique of open coding using the method of pencil and paper, and classified into particular categories and subcategories. Education of nurses by giving a presentation in PowerPoint was an integral part of the research investigation.Analysis of data gained from the interviews, which were held before the educational training course, resulted in categories Nursing Process, Nursing Diagnostics and Attitude of Nurses to Nursing Diagnostics; these categories were divided further into particular subcategories. Research investigation showed that nurses had basic knowledge of nursing process and that they used methods of nursing process in their work. However, they had unsatisfactory knowledge of nursing diagnostics, they didn´t regularly work with nursing diagnoses and their attitude to nursing process was mostly negative. Analysis of data from interviews held after the educational training course resulted in the category Change of Attitude of Nurses, which revealed a change of nurses´ attitude after education about NANDA II classification, making nursing diagnoses and its importance. Nurses mostly responded that a properly and exactly defined diagnosis is beneficial for a nurse and client as much as a properly chosen intervention. All five respondents agreed that preconditions of good quality work with nursing diagnoses are to use them in a cohesive way by all nurses, revise them regularly, and promote the knowledge of NANDA II classification and nursing diagnostics among nurses who work in the Old People´s Home.
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