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Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus I. type in childhood
Doudová, Šárka ; Černá, Marie (advisor)
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is among autoimmune disease that primarily affects children and young people. when This disease leads to the destruction of B-cells Pancreatic islets of Langerhans which are responsible for insulin secretion. Its deficiency leads to disturbances metabolism of carbohydrates and other nutrients . The destruction of B- cells occurs gradually and the first clinical symptoms appear only when destruction of a percentage of B- cells of the pancreas . after the outbreak difficulties the patient becomes dependent on exogenous life insulin administration . The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide and There are significant differences between geographic countries. This suggests that the pathogenesis of the disease have undoubtedly a great influence environmental factors. important role Genetic factors also play a immunological mechanisms. In my work I try to outline the possibilities of prevention as it related prediction type 1 diabetes mellitus . describe primarily genetic , and immunological markers , which can be used to predict genetic risk and to monitor the period before the manifestation of the disease. I mention also the possibilities of primary prevention, which is not currently yet only at the experimental field. Within the secondary Prevention describes...
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Prevention of autoimmunity diseases
Čornejová, Lucia ; Černá, Marie (advisor)
he topic of his thesis prevention of autoimmune diseases I selected on the basis of their interest in this issue. They are diseases which are widespread in the population, with a frequency of 5%, and many of them lead to disability and severe restrictions on the affected patients, which have a far-reaching socio-economic impact on our society.
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Key aspects of quality of life for adults with mental disabilities in social care
Miler, Jiří ; Černá, Marie (advisor) ; Stejskal, Bohumil (referee) ; Šiška, Jan (referee)
Mým cílem v disertační práci je přinést nové vědecké poznatky, které přímo nebo nepřímo souvisejí s otázkou kvality života dospělých lidí s mentálním postižením v ústavech sociální péče. Při naplňování tohoto cíle vycházím ze shrnutí a zkoumání vývoje dosavadních vědeckých poznatků v oblasti ústavní péče o lidi s mentálním postižením, především v souvislostech s otázkami, které se vyskytují v posledních letech v kontextu sociální reformy v České republice. V disertační práci rozhodně nechci přinášet procedurální návody a postupy, jak se máme к dospělým lidem s mentálním postižením "chovat", nebo jak má ta či ona služba pro dospělé lidi s mentálním postižením vypadat. Opírám se o odborné publikace, pojednání a úvahy autorů, kteří se problematice kvality života lidí s mentálním postižením v České republice a zahraničí věnují, o znalosti a zkušenosti řady poskytovatelů sociálních služeb. Vše je doplněno vlastním výzkumem, mými osobními zkušenostmi a vlastními závěry z různých úhlů pohledu - ředitele ústavu pro dospělé lidi s mentálním postižením, hodnotitele kvality sociálních služeb, pedagoga a krajského metodika rozvoje sociálních služeb. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Children of a Pre-school Age with the Risk of Dyslexia
Moravčíková, Kristýna ; Strnadová, Iva (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee)
Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá problematikou rizika dyslexie u dětí předškolního věku. Zamýšlím se nad vhodnými formami práce s těmito dětmi tak, aby došlo v průběhu jednoho roku k co možná největšímu pokroku, podpoření ve vývoji těchto dětí, a to díky preventivním opatřením, včasné diagnostice a následné péči. V teoretické části se zaměřuji na vývojové zvláštnosti dítěte předškolního věku, které musí znát pedagog pracující s touto věkovou skupinou, aby mohl ve své výchovně vzdělávací práci respektovat individualitu dítěte a přizpůsobit své pedagogické působení vývojovým možnostem dítěte. Rovněž se zabývám definicí specifických vývojových poruch učení, jejich příčinám a projevům. V kapitole dítě s rizikem dyslexie v předškolním věku definuji pojem riziko dyslexie a zaobírám se predikcí těchto poruch. Dále věnuji prostor hlavním oblastem a úkolům diagnostiky v období předškolního věku, kde se zmiňuji o diagnostických metodách, které se z větší části využívají v MŠ. Jak moc důležitou roli hraje učitel v rámci vzdělávání dětí s rizikem dyslexie, jakými kvalitami by měl disponovat a jaké by měl vytvořit podmínky pro práci s těmito dětmi jsem uvedla v kapitole vzdělávání dětí s rizikem dyslexie v MŠ. Také se zamýšlím nad metodami a formami vhodnými pro práci na stimulačním programu, naznačuji možnosti stimulace...
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Autobiography and the Autobiographical Fragments of People with Mental Disabilities living in Institutions
Širůčková, Marie ; Šiška, Jan (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee)
This paper uses phenomenographical interview to explore subjective experience of nine people with mental handicap - they are led to speak by indirective questions only. It is based on humanistically orientated phenomenological approach which emphasizes uniqueness and specific value of each personality. The research method used is an autobiographical technique. The paper should be a contribution to newly appreciate the real personality in mentally handicapped people. It attemps to bring some new nexuses and new dimensions of thinking in the topic or if possible to reveal the wide potential for additional research as well.
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Special Housing for Mentally-Retarded People. A Measure of Independence, Diagnostics, Localization.
Nachlingerová, Martina ; Strnadová, Iva (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee)
The first part of the diploma work focuses on the problematic of the mental retardation, from the standpoint relating to problems of sheltered living. It concerns first of all definition of the mental retardation, description of living possibilities of people with mental retardation with a view to sheltered living and further it concerns suitable methods of mental retardation diagnostic during the tranzit period in sheltered living. Second part of the work contains the investigation in several Prague organizations providing the sheltered living for people with mental retardation. In the investigation is used the combination of qualitative and quantitative approach, concretely method of observation, interview and questionnaire investigation. Monitoring is focused on the ability measure of being independent and supporting oneself in group of inhabitants of sheltered living, and on the flow of sheltered living and the way of staying here.
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The Problem of the Quality of Life and Ageing in People with Mental Disabilities
Řehák, Radek ; Černá, Marie (referee) ; Šiška, Jan (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the effective prevention of problems that may arise in people with learning difficulties as they grow older. The theoretieal seetion of the thesis explores the concept of "learning difficulty", the development of care for sufferers both in the Czech Republic and throughout the world, the process of ageing as it affects the whole population, and looks at effective and appropriate strategies to address the challenges of ageing. The second seetion deseribes the range of support services available to people with learning difficulties especially the provision of "assisted" employment as a means of delivering a fulfílling life to sufferers. Such "assisted" employment is then compared with the "sheltered workshop" concept. This seetion goes on to explain the terms "institutional care" and "sheltered living" and then to explore the challenges faced by those experiencing learning difficulties when attempting to integrate into society. Brief reference is also made to the new law on sociál services and its potential to revolutionise the care of those experiencing challenges to their health. The practical seetion of the thesis deseribes the research carried out into the provision of services for adults with learning difficulties; these researches were conducted in and around Pardubice,...
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Educational and Employment Opportunities for Adolescents and Adults with Mental Disabilities
Kubištová, Tereza ; Černá, Marie (referee) ; Šiška, Jan (advisor)
I dedicated my diploma work called "Perspectives in education and employment of mental disabled people" to rising interest of the whole society in the rights of not only mental disabled people, which is demonstrating in the Czech legislature as well. I come out from international documents about rights of disabled people, some of them were accepted by the Czech Republic. I also mention the main laws about education and employment of disabled people. The text is complemented with three interviews with people involved in this topic and my own experience of personal assistant in supported employment. The main objective of my diploma work is to point out the importace of rights of disabled people, their advancing and applying in common life to let each individual live a good quality and meaningful life at the background of the wider community.
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Gene Therapy and the Evolution of Cancer Treatment
Douglas, James Joshua ; Černá, Marie (advisor)
The continued understanding of gene structure, function and how its product interacts in the human body has lead to new wave of ideas on cancer therapy. Gene therapy, which 20 years ago was just a dream is now a very real possibility and alternative to the conventional treatments. Three new methods of utilizing alternative gene structure and manipulating the body's response to induce a tumor effect are presented here. Immunotherapy is the induction of the human immune system against an unwanted antigen. Viral oncolysis is the utilization and manipulation of natural human pathogens against tumor cells. Gene transfer is the addition of deletion of vital genes responsible for cell growth and apoptosis.
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