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Old Czech medical terminology - names of diseases, their signs and symptoms
Černá, Alena
Mottem této práce jsou slova, která zapsal téměř před sto lety František Michálek Bartoš. Je podivuhodné, jak staré česky psané lékařské texty zůstávají v archivech, stranou valného zájmu odborníků. Není to z nedostatku materiálu, neboť pro období středověku, v němž se konstituovaly počátky české lékařské vědy a s ní pochopitelně i české lékařské terminologie, máme k dispozici mimořádně velké množství lékařských textů. "Reprezentantem" těchto textů, o nichž bude podrobně pojednáno v příloze k této práci (viz s. 210-217), je pro tuto práci soubor lékařských památek, které zvolil pro svou materiálovou bázi Staročeský slovník;2 jejich fotokopie jsou uloženy v oddělení vývoje jazyka Ústavu pro jazyk český Akademie věd ČR. 3 Tyto památky jsou nezřídka značně rozsáhlé a dochovaly se v četných, často variantních rukopisech. Jedná se o 13 rukopisů převážně z 15. století, k nimž jsem se rozhodla připojit ještě rukopis zvaný Vnoučkovo lékařství (z počátku 16. století), v němž jsou obsaženy texty z minulého období. Tyto prameny jsou základem mé práce, i když jsem využívala i mnohých jiných zdrojů, o nichž se zmíním později. Na tomto místě chci poukázat na skutečnost, že v knihovnách a archivech je uchováváno mnohem více středověkých památek tohoto druhu, než bylo dosud známo a než se předpok1ádá10. Jsou to památky,...
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Hájek’s Chronicle and Old Czech Annals
Černá, Alena M.
According to the specialist literature, the many sources behind Hájek’s Czech Chronicle include chronicles from a set entitled Old Czech Annals, but it has never been precisely determined which of the more than thirty surviving manuscripts are involved. Based on a sample of sixteen reports on events during the Hussite wars appearing in Hájek’s Chronicle and in the Old Czech Annals, we have attempted to establish the source text. We have not found the direct source, but we find most (thirteen) of the identical reports in text R, known as Vratislavský, written between 1515 and 1535. identification of the source text was complicated by the possibility that it had not actually been preserved or that Václav Hájek used more than one text from the Old Czech Annals in his work. the work was also influenced by the fact that Hájek was an unusually creative individual who can be presumed to have not accepted the sources automatically, but to have adapted and recreated their language and contents.
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Publicly accessible electronic resources to the study of the historical Czech in The Department of Language Development of The Institute of the Czech Language AS CR, v. v. i
Černá, Alena M. ; Lehečka, Boris ; Nejedlý, Petr ; Šimek, Štěpán ; Vajdlová, Miloslava
The article introduces two internet sources designated to the study of Older Czech language (13th to 18th centuries); both have been designed and run by The Department of Language Development at The Institute of the Czech Language at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. The first source, Vokabulář webový [Web Vocabulary] (http://vokabular.ujc.cas.cz), makes texts, images and audio materials available to the study of Older Czech language. The accessible materials are, primarily, both modern and historical dictionaries, amongst which the most salient is the, gradually growing, Elektronický slovník staré češtiny [Electronic Old-Czech Vocabulary] that treats Old-Czech lexicon from the dawn of Czech language to the end of the 15th century. Furthermore, Vokabulář includes electronic editions of the works originating in the period from the 13th century to the beginning of the 19th century, presented both as continuous texts and in the corpus version; digitalized copies of Older-Czech grammar books; basic scientific literature; audiobooks of Older-Czech texts; and software tools utilized for the work with historical texts. The second source is Lexikální databáze hu-manistické a barokní češtiny [Lexical Database of Humanistic and Baroque Czech] (http://madla.ujc.cas.cz). It records the Czech vocabulary of the 16th to 18th centuries based on the excerption of the authentic contemporary texts (both old prints and manuscripts): Lexical database illustrates the Czech vocabulary with direct quotations, including stating the source. Thus, Lexical Database partly substitutes the missing Czech vocabulary of the mentioned period.
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Electronic processing and publication of Old Czech texts
Černá, Alena M. ; Lehečka, Boris
Electronic editions prepared in the Department of Language Development of the Institute of the Czech Language, Academy of Science of Czech Republic, v. v. i., are published in web sites Manuscriptorium and Vokabulář webový (in the Edition module and Old Czech text bank) and as electronic books in e-shop of the publishing house Academia. All electronic editions are prepared in Microsoft Word 2003 and are automatically exported to these outputs. There are two main output formats: XML TEI P5 standard and tagged text format for text bank; we use XSLT transformations and special software developed for this purposes.
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Daniel Adam of Veleslavín and his dictionaries
Černá, Alena M.
Daniel Adam of Veleslavín is one of the most significant figures in Czech cultural history and is included the school curriculum, yet there is minimal scholarly literature on his life and work. There are not even any existing modern editions of his dictionaries. In addition, information on these dictionaries is often incorrect, for example, the frequent claim that his quadrilingual dictionary Nomenclator quadrilinguis, Boemico-Latino-Graeco-Germanicus (Prague 1598) is merely another version of his earlier trilingual dictionary, published as Nomenclator omnium rerum propria nomina tribus linguis, Latina, Boiemica, Germanica explicata continens (Praha 1586), expanded to include the Greek language. This article provides convincing evidence that these are two independent and newly created works with differing templates. The older Nomenclator is based on the dictionary by the Dutch physician, historian and philologist Hadrian Junius, while the younger one is a reworked version of the dictionary by the German scholar Helfricus Emmelius. The two works vary immensely in both the macrostructure and microstructure of their entries. The Czech language sections of the two dictionaries also vary and it is apparent that Daniel Adam did not automatically adopt the newer dictionary of his original work, rather, he revised it, altered it slighlty and improved it overall.
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