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Wireless safety appliance
Čapek, Lukáš ; Kováč, Michal (referee) ; Kolouch, Jaromír (advisor)
The purpose of this project is to secure an object, for example bicycle, buggy,merchandise. Protecting device consists of a sensor unit and a pager unit. Both of these units contain a transceiver which works in ISM band. Operation circuits drive microprocessor AVR with low power technology because of possible battery supply. Sensor unit is monitoring the state of sensors and battery discharging. This unit can use accelerometer sensor and two contact sensors. The pager unit indicates alarm, the state of battery in both units and signalizes loss of connection.
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Wireless sensoric network for hop drying facility
Čapek, Lukáš ; Čech, Jakub (referee) ; Šnajdr, Václav (advisor)
The purpose of this project is to build a wireless sensor network for measuring temperature and relative humidity in hop drying facility. This is a monitoring device, consists of several sensor units and one control and display unit. Display unit coordinates a whole network and can display data on LCD or download collected data to PC. Sensor unit measures a relative humidity, temperature, battery voltage and transmits data to display unit. Units contain a transceiver which operates in ISM band 868 MHz. Circuits are driven by 8-bits microcontroller Freescale.
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Eye-Tracking Control of an Adjustable Bed
Kopeček, Martin ; Kremláček, Jan (advisor) ; Čapek, Lukáš (referee) ; Komzák, Martin (referee)
The origin of this work was based on the need to control an electric positioning bed by patients with no or significantly reduced upper limb motor skills. The key point and objective of the dissertation study was to develop non-contact alternatives to manual controls and to verify that the eye-tracking technique is usable and offers patients a new level of increased self-sufficiency. The thesis is organized into three related parts with experiments conducted at the detached departments and in the laboratory. After an introductory section covering the stages of development and current progressive trends in eye movement tracking, an experimental study of the applicability of bed control with the role of alternating head and leg position changes using on-screen graphical controls is described. This stage was conducted using a virtual bed. In a group of 17 patients with diagnoses of a pentaplegia, tetraplegia, high paraplegia, myopathy, and spinal muscular atrophy, the overall time to solve the task was 67.1 s (median) with a large interindividual variability with interquartile range from 56.7 s to 92.9 s. The solution efficiency (100 % matched to optimal performance) was 45.5 (34.9; 62.0) %. Within each group patients achieved different results for both studied parameters. When evaluating the features of the...
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Morphology of ankle fractures - its impact on the type of fracture and the outcomes of treatment
Marvan, Jiří ; Krbec, Martin (advisor) ; Čapek, Lukáš (referee) ; Pilný, Jaroslav (referee)
Ankle fractures can be serious and complex injuries with variable prognoses. In our department, ankle fractures are the third most common fracture behind fractures of the distal radius and the proximal femur. Ankle fractures present with considerable variability with regard to the extent of injury to bones and ligaments, with each injured structure requiring appropriate treatment. We analyzed a group of patients that were surgically treated, in the Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic, 3rd Medical Faculty of Charles University, for ankle fractures, with a particular focus on the epidemiological, clinical, and morphological parameters of the fractures. Our objective was to supplement existing information regarding the morphology of ankle fractures. Furthermore, we wanted to experimentally verify certain aspects related to ankle fractures. Our first step was to focused on the structure of cortical and cancellous bone in the fibula by carrying out a biomechanical study of the distal fibula after treatment with various types of fixation. The structure of fibular cortical bone was analyzed, using superficial sections, from dry preparations of a human fibula. By rubbing Indian ink into polished sections of cortical bone, we were able to visualize both the direction and organization of the central vascular...
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Trochanteric fracture - clinical, anatomical and biomechanical aspects, therapy options, complications
Bartoška, Radek ; Báča, Václav (advisor) ; Čapek, Lukáš (referee) ; Pilný, Jaroslav (referee)
Hip fractures are mainly problems of the elderly population. The incidence in the Czech Republic is one of the highest in the world. They include a pertrochanteric fracture. One possibility of its therapy is intramedullary nailing. The advantages of the nailing is allowing a sliding effect of the proximal fragment which leads to better contact between fragments. Surgical procedure has its own risks and complications. We decided to evaluate a group of patients with pertrochanteric fractures treated in 2009-2011 with the PFN Medin. We analyzed the sliding effect and factors which can influence it and complications. The study cohort covers 304 patients. We found out that the sliding effect was in 195 cases (67.1%). The type of the fracture did not affect the sliding. There was no significant difference depending on the length or screw placement in the proximal fragment. We found following complications:3 medial displacement (0.9%), 6 varus collapses (1.9%), 4 necroses of the head of the femur (1.3%) , 13 cases of the femoral neck resorption (4.3%), 10 fractures around the nail (3.2%), 4 Z- effects (1.3%) and 3 "cut-out" phenomena (1.0%). We have created a model of stable and unstable fractures with the finite element method. The analyzes focused on the placement of the neck screw, showed that in stable...
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Possibilities of the use of indentation tests while studying the mechanical properties of soft tissues of the human locomotor system in vivo, in situ
Bittner, Václav ; Šifta, Petr (advisor) ; Bunc, Václav (referee) ; Čapek, Lukáš (referee)
POSSIBILITIES OF THE USE OF INDENTATION TESTS WHILE STUDYING THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOFT TISSUES OF THE HUMAN LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM IN VIVO, IN SITU ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to analyze possibilities of the use of indentation tests, while studying mechanical properties of human locomotor system soft tissues in vivo, in situ. The synthesis of published findings and the results of our own surveys were used. A mathematical model of the indentation test was created as a part of theory. The geometry of the task was formulated as a solid cylinder penetrating into an infinite half-space made of viscoelastic material. The solution is based on the traditional analytical approach concerning stationary loading of flexible material. This procedure is generalized for Neo-Hooke's hyperelastic material and large deformations. The quantification of dissipative processes is based on the assumption that the stress tensor of a viscoelastic material can be decomposed into a purely elastic constituent and a purely dissipative constituent. The model enables to determine both elastic and viscous properties of the material. Experimental part of the work includes validation experiments. Based on the findings, it can be stated that myotonometry is a valid diagnostic method that allows an objective assessment of muscle tone...
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Morphology of ankle fractures - its impact on the type of fracture and the outcomes of treatment
Marvan, Jiří ; Krbec, Martin (advisor) ; Čapek, Lukáš (referee) ; Pilný, Jaroslav (referee)
Ankle fractures can be serious and complex injuries with variable prognoses. In our department, ankle fractures are the third most common fracture behind fractures of the distal radius and the proximal femur. Ankle fractures present with considerable variability with regard to the extent of injury to bones and ligaments, with each injured structure requiring appropriate treatment. We analyzed a group of patients that were surgically treated, in the Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic, 3rd Medical Faculty of Charles University, for ankle fractures, with a particular focus on the epidemiological, clinical, and morphological parameters of the fractures. Our objective was to supplement existing information regarding the morphology of ankle fractures. Furthermore, we wanted to experimentally verify certain aspects related to ankle fractures. Our first step was to focused on the structure of cortical and cancellous bone in the fibula by carrying out a biomechanical study of the distal fibula after treatment with various types of fixation. The structure of fibular cortical bone was analyzed, using superficial sections, from dry preparations of a human fibula. By rubbing Indian ink into polished sections of cortical bone, we were able to visualize both the direction and organization of the central vascular...
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Measurement of primary stability of the dental implant and the influence of the implant design
Dzan, Ladislav ; Šimůnek, Antonín (advisor) ; Čapek, Lukáš (referee) ; Németh, Tibor (referee)
1 SUMMARY Measurement of primary stability of the dental implant and the influence of the implant de- sign Primary stability is the lack of mobility in the bone after an implant insertion and it is conditioned by the quality and quantity of the bone, the surgical technique and the skill of the surgeon. Another element is the micro-design and especially macro-design of the implant, whose influence on the primary stability has not been given sufficient scientific attention. The objective of this report is to analyze the influence of the most commonly used threads for implant stability findings a stress distribution at the interface of the implant - bone and adjacent periimplant bone and mechanical load transfer from the implant to the surrounding bone (mechanical compatibility) for these types of threads. Another objective is the theoretical use of the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) which is used to analyze the influence of the length and diameter of the implant on the primary stability. The practical application is based on clinical studies that have shown a link between the length and diameter of the implant on one side and the primary stability on the other. The results obtained by the FEA confirms that the thread shape of the implant influences the resulting mechanical stress on the bone and the implant,...
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Trochanteric fracture - clinical, anatomical and biomechanical aspects, therapy options, complications
Bartoška, Radek ; Báča, Václav (advisor) ; Čapek, Lukáš (referee) ; Pilný, Jaroslav (referee)
Hip fractures are mainly problems of the elderly population. The incidence in the Czech Republic is one of the highest in the world. They include a pertrochanteric fracture. One possibility of its therapy is intramedullary nailing. The advantages of the nailing is allowing a sliding effect of the proximal fragment which leads to better contact between fragments. Surgical procedure has its own risks and complications. We decided to evaluate a group of patients with pertrochanteric fractures treated in 2009-2011 with the PFN Medin. We analyzed the sliding effect and factors which can influence it and complications. The study cohort covers 304 patients. We found out that the sliding effect was in 195 cases (67.1%). The type of the fracture did not affect the sliding. There was no significant difference depending on the length or screw placement in the proximal fragment. We found following complications:3 medial displacement (0.9%), 6 varus collapses (1.9%), 4 necroses of the head of the femur (1.3%) , 13 cases of the femoral neck resorption (4.3%), 10 fractures around the nail (3.2%), 4 Z- effects (1.3%) and 3 "cut-out" phenomena (1.0%). We have created a model of stable and unstable fractures with the finite element method. The analyzes focused on the placement of the neck screw, showed that in stable...
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Wireless safety appliance
Čapek, Lukáš ; Kováč, Michal (referee) ; Kolouch, Jaromír (advisor)
The purpose of this project is to secure an object, for example bicycle, buggy,merchandise. Protecting device consists of a sensor unit and a pager unit. Both of these units contain a transceiver which works in ISM band. Operation circuits drive microprocessor AVR with low power technology because of possible battery supply. Sensor unit is monitoring the state of sensors and battery discharging. This unit can use accelerometer sensor and two contact sensors. The pager unit indicates alarm, the state of battery in both units and signalizes loss of connection.
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