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Rodent trypanosomes: occurrence, development and transmission
Valsová, Iveta ; Votýpka, Jan (advisor) ; Kodym, Petr (referee)
Trypanosomes of the subgenus Herpetosoma are considered highly host-specific and nonpathogenic to their hosts. They are commonly found in rodents (and some insectivores), and fleas are believed to be their vectors. Around 50 trypanosome species have gradually been assigned to this subgenus, mainly based on the morphology of blood forms and their host specificity. However, due to the application of molecular methods, this number is beginning to increase. This thesis aims to investigate the prevalence and evolution of trypanosomes of the subgenus Herpetosoma in different mammalian hosts and their fleas in the Czech Republic. In total, samples from 17 mammalian species (mainly rodents) were tested for the presence of trypanosomes; only three species were found: with 1% prevalence Trypanosoma in the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) similar to T. microti (typical for the field vole, Microtus agrestis), with 4% prevalence T. grosi in field mice (Apodemus spp.), and with 40% prevalence Trypanosoma sp. B08-471 in the European edible dormice (Glis glis). This trypanosome species was also detected in the flea Ceratophyllus (Monopsyllus) sciurorum, which is a typical ectoparasite of edible dormice. In fleas, the development of trypanosomes and also commonly occurring monoxenous trypanosomatids of the genus...
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Trypanosomes of Rodents and Lagomorphs
Valsová, Iveta ; Votýpka, Jan (advisor) ; Sádlová, Jovana (referee)
Trypanosomes (Kinetoplastea) are widespread endoparasitic protozoa commonly found in all vertebrate groups. Some species cause serious diseases in humans and livestock, while non- pathogenic species cause little or no apparent negative effects on the host and are mostly host- specific. The high host specificity of mammalian trypanosomes is found in the rodent- associated subgenus Herpetosoma. This study is focused on trypanosomes of rodents and rabbits. Experimental infections of rodents have shown that some trypanosomes are only able to infect their natural hosts. However, an exception to these highly host-specific species of the subgenus Herpetosoma is T. lewisi, which has been demonstrated not only in rodents but also in primates, including humans. Rodent trypanosomes, like rodents themselves, are cosmopolitan and their vectors are fleas. More than 50 species of trypanosomes have been gradually included into the subgenus Herpetosoma, mainly based on blood-stage morphology and their host specificity. However, with the development of biochemical and molecular methods, this number may change significantly. Key words: Trypanosoma, Herpetosoma, rodents, lagomorphs, morphology, development cycle, vectors
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