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Representatives and the represented: trust vs. alienation
Přibyl, Daniel ; Kysela, Jan (advisor) ; Urban, Michal (referee)
These days are western democracies in serious crisis. We could observe this crisis in disconnection societal topics, not only, but especially political, from the citizens, who are affected with these topics the most. The citizens are becoming apathetic; they have no interest file their energy beyond their own private and professional life. This situation could develop in two directions. The first way means conservation of current state, status quo, and it leads to not so happy future. Or another way change of course happens and the interest in public life will be activating in the citizens. And I believe in the second possibility. However, there is lot to do, to revise many aspects of public life, e.g. political parties, funding to these parties, institute of representation and how community perceive it, or elections, the way legitimation.
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The concept of libertarian paternalism in the recodification of Czech private law.
Mičková, Barbora ; Urban, Michal (advisor) ; Ondřejková, Jana (referee)
The master thesis The concept of libertarian paternalism in the recodification of Czech private law introduces a concept that works as an efficient synthesis of two different approaches to the relationship between the individual and the state: liberalism and paternalism. Libertarian paternalism deals mainly with the default system setting and setting of the recommendations and mechanism that are helpful in the decision making process of an individual as well as the whole society. The master thesis defines this concept, its main attributes and its tradition in the behavioral economics as well as its means and limits. The thesis shows how the use of this concept provides cheap and effective tools for nudging human decisions and behavior. The libertarian paternalistic approach in the law regulation is demonstrated in the new civil recodification, especially Civil Code 2012 as the fundamental act of civil law. The master thesis uses interdisciplinary approach to the topic, applying the perspectives of philosophy of law, economy, psychology and sociology.
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Right to challenge
Černý, Tomáš ; Kysela, Jan (advisor) ; Urban, Michal (referee)
This thesis aims to give a reflection on the doctrine of the right of resistance in the Czech Republic, its liberal democratic system and legal order. The first part of the thesis presents a short description of the background and the development of the doctrine. It also deals with Article 23 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms as an attempt of embedment the right of resistance in the Czech law. The subject matter of the second part are the transformation processes taking place in the current world that have an impact and threaten liberal democracies including the Czech Republic. This part also gives examples of the application of right of resistance. The first chapter contains a short historical and a modern definition of the right of resistance. It also defines the following related notions - the revolution, the coup d'état and civil disobedience, that this thesis applies. The second chapter focuses on the history of the right of resistance. It goes back to its roots in Ancient Israel, looks upon the Enlightment authors dealing with the theory of Social contract and concludes with the post-war development. Special focus is turned to the disputed aspects of the right of resistance. The third section deals with possible interpretations of Article 23 of the Charter of Fundamental...
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A crime in mass media
Jozífek, Radek ; Urban, Michal (advisor) ; Kosek, Jan (referee)
88 Summary Thesis Crime in Media describes the most important aspects of the relation between two significant social phenomena - crime and media. It does not focus only on legal point of view but it also includes knowledge of sociology, psychology and especially media studies. At first it deals with historical development of theories on media effects. These effects can not be underestimated, but on the other hand they should not be overrated. The Thesis analyzes what form these effects can have and then documents the way how Czech media law defends people from various forms of media contents and their presumable effects. Another important topic connected to the research on media effects is the theory of media representation of certain things. The representation of crime in media is usually distorted and affects public view of the criminality in the "real world". For example it makes people believe that the most common type of crime is the one connected with violence, that criminal acts usually occur between strangers etc. The Thesis also presents so-called news values of crime news. The rest of the Thesis describes chronologically legal aspects of publication of information about the commitment of the crime and criminal procedure (pre-trial proceedings and trial). It analyzes if media can persuade someone...
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The impact of media on judicial determination in cases of traffic crimes
Klouda, Petr ; Urban, Michal (advisor) ; Ondřejková, Jana (referee)
Media influence over court rulings in traffic crime cases The aim of this thesis is to analyze the way media report about traffic crimes and provide a comparison between cases that attracted media attention and cases that didn't. The author investigates the possibility that courts are influenced in thein decision making by the general public, the opinion of which is shaped mostly by mass media outlets which unfortunately often release speculations as proven facts. To demonstrate the possibility of media influence to the reader, the author compares similar cases and shows how different the court ruling was when the case wasn't a subject of attention of mass media. Part of this analysis consists of a letter to the judge who presided over one of such cases, the incident on D1 motorway in 2010. The conclusion is that there's potential for such influence, but it's impossible to be absolutely certain that it already exists. The threat of such influence will, however, grow over time as new technologies are introduced, that make it very easy to spread information and consume it. In a newly forming information society, the ability to influence anything ranging from minor court battles to elections is considerably increased and poses a potential threat to the impartiality of courts, which is vital to a modern...
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Enantioselective synthesis of spiro compounds
Urban, Michal ; Veselý, Jan (advisor) ; Kotora, Martin (referee)
This thesis deals with the preparation of enantiomerically and diastereomerically pure spirocompounds using asymmetric organocatalysis. The first part is focused on the enantioselective synthesis of spirocompounds by organocatalytic reaction of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with sulfur heterocyclic compounds catalysed with secondary amines. It is a domino Michael/Michael/aldol reaction using iminium and enamine activation. The second part is focused on the subsequent transformation of the prepared spirocompounds.
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Relation of destructivity and Law
Miškaňová, Ľudmila ; Kosek, Jan (advisor) ; Urban, Michal (referee)
- The relationship between destructiveness and law This thesis deals with the relationship between destructiveness and law. The aim of the thesis is to describe the destructiveness, its manifestations in society and its relationship to the law. To describe the topic I used findings of Fromm, Baumann, Lorenzo, Elias, Arendt, Karstedt and other psychologists, sociologists, social psychologists, criminologists and philosophers. Chapter One and chapter Two focuse on the concept of aggression and destructiveness and their manifestations in our society, as they are an integral part of it. In addition, culture and aggression constantly interact with each other. Western culture condemns violence, but the question is whether this refusal is sufficiently reflected in all areas of social life, for example when it comes to domestic violence, bullying or potential dangers of the presentation of violence in the media. Chapter Three examines rate of violence and violent crime and the suitability of Czech legislation in terms of its ability to maintain the lowest possible level of these rates. An important finding is that not only law, but also other normative systems and social institutions take part in protecting the society from violence. I also consider the influence of democracy and individualization and...
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Interaction studies of MEK inhibitors and Cytochrome P450 3A4
Urban, Michal ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Nová, Alice (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Mgr. Michal Urban Supervisor: Doc. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, Ph.D. Title of rigorous thesis: Interaction studies of MEK inhibitors and Cytochrome P450 3A4 Objective of our work was to introduce a new method for detection of CYP3A4 inhibition effect of potentially therapeutical compounds. CYP3A4 is the main biotransformation enzyme of 50% current drugs in clinical use and its inhibition may lead to the plasma levels increase of other coadministered drugs which may result in various drug- drug interactions and potentially life threatening adverse effects. Potential of a drug candidate to cause severe pharmacokinetic interactions may be a reason of the clinical trials suspension or withdrawal of a medicinal product from the market and therefore it is essential to determine pharmacokinetic profile of drug candidates at early stages of the development. In addition, we focused on study of interaction potential of MEK1/2 inhibitors PD0325901, PD184352 and U0126 known to inhibit Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway playing an important role in the oncogenesis of various malignancies. Due to the fact that some of these MEK1/2 inhibitors have already entered clinical trials it is absolutely crucial to study...
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Harassment in the workplace
Marková, Tereza ; Kosek, Jan (advisor) ; Urban, Michal (referee)
My master's degree thesis concerns with bullying in the workplace, which is long-lasting psychological terror of employees. For the bullying in the workplace, there are two specific terms used in Czech language, mobbing and bossing, according to a person, who is causer of bullying in the workpace. If the aggressor is a collegue of a victim of the bullying, we speak about mobbing. If the victim is bullied by his or her boss, we use the term bossing. My thesis is divided into two main parts, the theoretical part with the description of the problem of bulling in the workplace and the research, which was made by question-form. The theoretical part is composed of four chapters. Chapter one deals with bullying in general, its causes and with terminology used for bullying in the workplace. The second chapter describes mobbing, its typical features, causes, phases and illustrates personalities of aggressor and his or her victim. It also makes recommendation for prevention of mobbing, gives advice, how to defend against mobbing and provides examples of typical attacks. This chapter also concentrates on consequences of bullying in the workplace, which can be very serious, because the bullying in the workplace can damage mental condition of the victim, cause the employer material damage and destroy the...
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Dollfuss and Schuschnigg,s Austria - case study of authoritarian regime
Lisý, Marek ; Kysela, Jan (advisor) ; Urban, Michal (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the authoritarian regime in Austria in the period between the two world wars. This thesis consists of three chapters. The first is the theoretical basis of this work, as I present the various concepts of authoritarian and totalitarian regime. The second chapter then follows the developments in Austria since the end of World War II until the fall of democracy. The focus of this work is the third and final chapter, which analyzes the authoritarian regime between the years 1933-1938. Based on the information provided I am giving an answer to the question what was the specific character of the Austrian regime for government of Chancellor Dollfuss and Schuschnigg, and why there was a fall of democracy in the conclusion.
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