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Methods of treatment of urban waste water and the possibility of using treated water
Charalambous, Panagiotis ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Tonika, Jaroslav (referee)
Nowadays, wastewater treatment is becoming increasingly necessary due to the reduction of water resources, the increasing price of drinking water, as well as the shrinking underground water reserves. The treatment of wastewater for reuse and disposal is particularly important for countries and regions which suffer from drinking water shortage. Thus, it is vital to find sustainable solutions for the better protection of the environment and also to improve the water's quality by adapting new and more efficient technologies. This bachelor thesis contains a comprehensive study of different methods and technologies that are used today for the wastewater treatment, with a specific emphasis on urban wastewaters. Furthermore, it examines the post-treated wastewater management, including possible ways of reusing them in many aspects. Keywords: urban wastewater, activation process, biofilters
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Crushes and theirs effect on water quality
Uhrová, Adéla ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Tonika, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis is focused on accidents in water and their their division into groups according to different factors. Work detailing the chemical accidents resulting in pollution of surface and groundwater, which became the Czech Republic since 2000. Describes chemicals that often escape into the water and damage to their quality. Furthermore, there is described an accident in 2006, when form "Lučební závody Draslovka, Kolín" leaked into the Elbe dangerous cyanide. Key words: Accidents, water pollution
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Oil accidents anf theis effect on water quality.
Lebdušková, Helena ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Tonika, Jaroslav (referee)
The basic aim of the thesis is descritpion of oil accidents, which are these days the normal part of our lives. I deal with the issue of oil extraction as a base material for petrol, oil and other oil-based products. The current methods of production make these accidents impossible to avoid. The biggest problems come from using large tankers to transport the oil, other problems bring oil processing and waste production. This thesis focuses on the assessment of oil accidents and their effects on water quality, as well as on the whole ecosystem. Keywords Oil, oil accident, water pollution
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Cleaner production
Stegarescu, Rodica ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Tonika, Jaroslav (referee)
Preventing negative impacts on the environment is better than fixing it afterwards. From this argument the field of cleaner production has developed, which is the continuous application of an integral strategy to processes, products and services to increase the overall efficiency and reduce the risks to humans and the environment. For production processes cleaner production defines more efficient use of raw materials and energy, elimination of toxic, hazardous materials and preventing waste and emissions at source. For products (goods and services) cleaner production strategy focuses on reducing their environmental impact, and across their entire lifecycle, from development to their use. This strategy was firstly implemented in the United States, in the 3M company from Minnesota and after obtaining positive results, it spread all over the Word, in Europe though, pioneers were the Swedes. Many international organizations have created programs for the promotion and development of cleaner production in as many countries as possible, mostly through the National Center for CP, which were established in the early nineties by UNIDO and UNEP. These centers were created to provide services for businesses, governments and other participants and to assist with the implementation of methods, practices,...
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Agricultural waste treatment
Schneider, Martin ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Tonika, Jaroslav (referee)
As a result of the deteriorating state of the environment due to intensive industrial and agricultural production activities, it is necessary to proceed to the pressure on polluters, both legislatively and economically. Slurry as a by-product is a valuable complex organomineral fertilizer. Its fertilization value is comparable with manure, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium fertilizers. Moreover, the slurry has a significant content of organic substances. Slurry as a fertilizer is important especially today, when the czech agriculture has a great deficiency of manure caused by reduction in cattle. That s why slurry is an important alternative of fertilizers with biological origin with no pollutants. After production slurry contains many biologically harmful substances, so it s necessary to store it in slurry basins. Chemical and physical reactions during a period of four to six months cause, that slurry is rid of unwanted substances and qualities.
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Influence of pedological characteristics of site and of reclamation methodology on biological cover development on Radovesice dump
Říhová, Jitka ; Řehoř, Michal (advisor) ; Tonika, Jaroslav (referee)
The North Bohemian Basin represents important and high valued brown coal resources. Remove coal from the ground in surface mines is an impairment of nature and landscape. Reclamation work aims to identify changes, analyse them and restore the impacted area. The analysed dump (Radovesice dump) was used as an outsider dump of the Bílina mine. Reclamation works are in process on this area - especially forest and agricultural reclamation. In the first part of this bachelor thesis pedological and vegetation research are done. Therfore, two areas of the Radovesice site were analysed. Forest reclamation area , which is labeled Radovesice I and succession area labeled Radovesice XVII A. The second part deals with the influence on the vegetation overlay caused by the area's location and soil substrate. In the conclusion of the thesis suggestions are given how to support succession on relamation areas, based on the awareness of the analysed site and current scientific knowledge. Keywords reclamation, soil, vegetation, Radovesice vi
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Changes of ecosystem loads in longitudinal profile of anthropogenic polluted river
Kohušová, Kateřina ; Tonika, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (referee) ; Komínková, Dana (referee)
Disertační práce Změny zátěže ekosystému v podélném profilu antropogenně ovlivněného toku Kateřina Kohušová Changes of ecosystem load in longitudinal profile of antropogenically influenced river ABSTRACT To determine anthropogenic load of the Bílina river ecosystem we monitored concentrations of selected heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, V, Zn) and specific organic substances (PAH, PCB, HCH, HCB, DDT) in three different matrices: surface water, biofilms and sediments. In the longitudinal profile of the river, four sampling profiles were determined (B1 - B4), mapping different parts of the river. The monitoring took place from 2005 to 2008. Concentrations of the substances monitored in surface water showed a decrease in load compared to the values from ten years ago. The concentrations found in surface water showed clear tendency of pollution in the longitudinal profile; the load increased downstream and profiles B3 and B4 mid- and downstream had the highest concentration. In the case of some concentrations of substances in surface water there is a trend of the majority of values being below the detection limit by the given methods of analysis. This shows a decrease of load in the river but the positive trend was invalidated by variations in maximum concentrations. Even though these variations were rare and...
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Industrial deposits: Are they habitats of threatened or invasive species?
Vojtíšek, Pavel ; Tonika, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kovář, Pavel (advisor)
There was made many deposits of industrial slags on our landscape during second half of 20th century. Many of deposits were abandoned without recultivation because of missing or inadequate legislation. Often very extreme habitat enables scientific research. Deposits and their surface are developing and stabilizing because of primary succession. This study works with two types of deposits: ash-slag and ore-washery sedimentation basins. During succession many plant species are introduced onto basin plateau. Ecosystem contains many unoccupied habitats and for invasive plant species it's easy to introduce into these free habitats. Contrariwise the ecosystem should pose a refuge point for ecological important plant species. In this study are worked data about total vegetational cover of vascular plants on 21 sedimentation basis (12 ash-slag and 9 ore-washery). From the data package were sorted out plants demonstrably invasive, potentially invasive and endangered plants. An occurrence of the species was compared with the type and age of sedimentation basin. Key words: Sedimentation basin, invasive plant, potentially invasive plant, endangered plant, life strategy, management
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Realizační program ČR pro kontaminované zeminy a sedimenty
Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Přírodovědecká fakulta, Ústav pro životní prostředí, Praha ; Tonika, Jaroslav ; Benešová, Libuše
Zpracování Realizačního programu ČR (RP) pro kontaminované zeminy a sedimenty probíhalo formou strategického plánování, tzn. že byla vytvořena pracovní skupina, ve které byly zastoupeny objednatelem jmenované dotčené subjekty . Zhotovitel při zpracování díla s pracovní skupinou interaktivně spolupracoval. Realizační program se dotýká 3 katalogových čísel 170503 (Zemina a kamení obsahující nebezpečné látky), 170504 (Zemina a kamení neuvedené pod číslem 17 05 03) a 200202 (Zemina a kameny). Zpráva je rozdělena do částí: Proces zpracování RP, SWOT analýza, Harmonogram zpracování RP, Cíle vyplývající z POH ČR, Definice pojmů, Kontaminované zeminy, Sedimenty (množství a složení, dekontaminace sedimentu), Nakládání s kontaminovanými zeminami a sedimenty, Přehled dekontaminačních technologií, Odstranění odpadů, Postupy prevence a minimalizace odpadů, Nástroje, Veřejná správa – kompetence - legislativní rámec, Legislativní podmínky pro nakládání se zeminami a sedimenty, Postupy vedoucí ke snižování environmentálních a zdravotních rizik při kontaminovanými zeminami a sedimenty, Analýza rizik a Návrh pilotního projektu.
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