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Early tooth development of Tabby mice
Smrčková, Lucie ; Peterková, Renata (advisor) ; Černý, Robert (referee)
The developing mouse dentition is a very useful tool to study molecular regulation of odontogenesis and also organogenesis. The embryonic mouse dentition comprises developing functional tooth primordia as well as rudimentary tooth primordia. These rudiments arrest their growth during development and either degenerate or become a part of a functional tooth. Mice with gene defects also allow elucidation of a function of genes, their products and signalling pathways. The protein ectodysplasin is essential for development of ectodermal derivatives - skin, hair, glands and teeth. The Tabby mice have a mutation in the Eda gene, which encodes the protein ectodysplasin, and they display a number of dentition anomalies. Early development of the lower jaw dentition in Tabby embryos has been already morphologically described. As a prerequisite for understanding regulatory mechanisms of odontogenesis in Tabby mice, it is also necessary to map the spatiotemporal dynamics of signalling centres that express Shh in both the rudimentary and functional tooth primordia. The aim of this thesis was to compare the signalling centres based on the Shh expression and its spatiotemporal dynamics in the lower jaw of Tabby and WT mouse embryos. Then the Shh data were correlated with known morphological data to clarify the...
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Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism treatment during pregnancy and their consequences for the human foetus development.
Šípová, Drahoslava ; Peterka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Peterková, Renata (referee)
Hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and the autoimmune thyroid diseases are the basic disorders the diseases affecting the thyroid gland can be divided into. The causes of the thyroid disorders are assigned to the genetic background, environmental factors and too high or too low iodine intake. Various forms of thyroid disorders are very common among the large number of world population, more often seen among women compared to men, scale approximately 4:1. The attention is more paid to women because of their bigger predisposition to the thyroid diseases but also because of the persistance or new occurence of the diseases during the pregnancy. If the diagnosis is not retain early and no adequate treating follows, the proceeding disease will mainly in the first trimester negatively affect the developing baby. There are relatively big amount of the miscarriages, premature deliveries, stillbirths and babies with various degrees of somatic and intelectuall inflictions appearing. Within the frame of the treatment, in the case of thyroid hypofunction with levothyroxine and in the case of thyroid hyperfunction with propylthiouracile, carbimazole and methimazole, the smoothing of the thyroid disorders signs happens. After the delivery there is a risk of neonatal congenital disorders, whose cause is assigned to...
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The issue of diabetes treatment and prevention of birth defects.
Steklíková, Klára ; Peterka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Peterková, Renata (referee)
This work summarizes observations of relationship between diabetes in pregnancy and increased risk of birth defects and possible preventive measurements to reduce this risk. Children of diabetic mothers have an increased risk especially for the development defects of central nervous system (three times higher), cardiovascular system (1,5-4,5times higher), urinary system (2,5-3times higher). Other organ systems with increased risk of birth defects are musculo-skeletal system, digestive system and ear. To minimalize this risk the effective measures have to be kept, especially maintain blood glucose standard and without peaks. To achieve this goal is necessary observe appropriate diet and by types of diabetes requiring medication use choosing suitable drugs for pregnant women. Each pregnant patient should periodically measure blood glucose levels and don't exceed threshold 90 mg/ml (5,0mmol/l) of fasting and premeal level and 150 mg/ml (8,4 mmol/l) after meal. Also important is awareness of patient. Other tools used for prevention infants birth defects of diabetic mothers are regular measurements of glycohemoglobin levels, preconception planning and screening performed in pregnant women. Keywords: Diabetes, birth defects, pregnancy, prevention
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