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Comparison of the effects of marijuana legalization on mental health in selected countries
Stránecký, Jakub ; Nekola, Martin (advisor) ; Potůček, Martin (referee)
The topic of legalizing marijuana for recreational use is becoming increasingly relevant over time, not only worldwide but also in the Czech Republic. This trend began with the legalization of recreational marijuana in the United States, specifically in the states of Colorado and Washington in 2012. Subsequently in 2013 Uruguay became the first country to legalize marijuana throughout its entire territory. Since then, other U.S. states and countries such as Canada and Malta have joined the legalization movement. The most interesting development from the perspective of the Czech Republic is in Germany, where the legalization of cultivation and possession of marijuana for recreational use is planned from the year 2024. This, coupled with the growing support from experts and politicians advocating for marijuana legalization in the Czech Republic, could lead to the adoption of similar legislation. The legalization of marijuana raises a series of questions that need to be addressed before such a step is taken. Among the most common concerns associated with marijuana legalization are its impact on mental health and the potential increase in marijuana use among adolescents due to easier access to the drug. To answer these questions, it is essential to compare existing models of marijuana legalization...
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The making of the strategic and conceptual documents on the level of Czech ministries (with the focus on the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Defence)
Bitnerová, Marie-Anna ; Ochrana, František (advisor) ; Nekola, Martin (referee)
Marie-Anna Bitnerová VERASP, FSV UK Abstract The diploma thesis deals with strategic planning at the level of ministries of the Czech Republic (with a focus on the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Defence). It focuses on the creation of strategic and conceptual documents at the state level and thus describes the process through the lens of the theoretical framework of the Multiple streams framework. The research was carried out on the basis of in-depth interviews with nine employees of the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Defence (who actively or passively participated in the creation of the documents), two experts in strategic planning and one respondent from the Fire Rescue Service in Prague, who is responsible for the agenda. The thesis analyses and then explains the creation of the materials from the initial idea of creation to the final acceptance, implementation, and evaluation. It also focuses on the individual variables that enter the process - time pressure, conflict of interest, the influence of political elections, politicization, etc., and on the actors involved who play a crucial role in the process (officials and their superiors, elected politicians including the government, and experts). One of the main outputs and answers to the research questions are the negatives of...
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The impact of the 2014 amendment of the Directive 92/85/EEC in the presence of women in the production sector
Caria Fernandes Ferreira Nunes, Madalena ; Nekola, Martin (advisor) ; Mysíková, Martina (referee)
As with many other public policies, the 2014 amendment of the Council directive 92/85/EEC, concerning the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health at work of pregnant workers and workers who have recently given birth or are breastfeeding, may have unintended consequences, beyond its original purpose. Thus, this research aims to study if the aforementioned amendment caused some disturbance in the participation of women in the labour market, differentiating by production sectors. To do this, a sample of OECD countries was used to employ a differences-in-differences methodology, where the treatment group was the set of EU Countries subjected to this law. In addition, the model is extended to control for country-specific variables allowing for a descriptive analysis of the influence of the selected variables on the share of women in the different sectors. Although the effect of the amendment on the share of women in the analysed industries was found to be statistically insignificant using the differences-in-differences methodology, the covariates model offers interesting insights on the topics of fertility, education, maternity leave and employment protection. A brief analysis of variance has also shown that the countries that implemented women-specific legislation...
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Opioid Crisis in the USA and its relevance to the Czech opioid situation
Sovík, David ; Kopsa Těšinová, Jolana (advisor) ; Nekola, Martin (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on the topic of opioid abuse in the United States of America and in the Czech Republic. The current situation of opioid abuse in the USA is called the "Opioid Crisis". The thesis describes the historical development of the problem, including its division into three main phases, in each of which a different opioid is the most abused. In the first phase, it is prescription opioids that are most commonly abused, while the last two stages are dominated by illicit opioid abuse of heroin and fentanyl. The identification of the primary causes of the Opioid Crisis is an important part of the thesis. Purdue Pharma is explicitely mentioned as having manufactured opioids that have directly contributed to the widespread abuse of opioids. Within the thesis, a typology is created in order to clarify which social groups in the USA are the most susceptible to becoming addicted to opioids. In the part of the thesis dedicated to the situation in the Czech Republic, a historical and current perspective of national opioid abuse is provided. Potential present and future threats that could lead to a worsening of the situation are also identified.
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Suicides at an all-time high in covid 19 pandemic ridden and post pandemic India
Gupta, Jayesh ; Kasal, Alexandr (advisor) ; Nekola, Martin (referee)
The entire globalized world became victims of the covid 19 pandemic, however, a number of other significant social problems like suicides got impacted by it and the lockdown. In India, the suicide rate and annual number of suicides were already at a rising trend prior to the pandemic and reached an all-time high during the covid 19 pandemic in 2020. Emile Durkheim in his book on suicide called Le suicide identifies 4 types of suicides, they were also occurring in India mainly due to the covid 19 lockdown and its impacts and caused a significant damage along with mismanagement of the pandemic and bad government policies. The large-scale internal migration of helpless migrant workers due to the lockdown and the government's failure in arranging a solution for them to travel back to home is evident to the bad government planning and the mismanagement of the covid 19 pandemic, resulting in a number of suicides by migrant workers, daily wage earners, alcoholics suffering from withdrawals. While many Indians stepped up to volunteer and help the people affected by lockdown and suicidal tendencies, the major donations went to the government which failed to reach the ones that needed it. The results of thesis suggests that the two most common suicides happening in indian society during covid pandemic were...
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Community rejection of low threshold services for drug users in Prague
Valachová, Zuzana ; Nekola, Martin (advisor) ; Tůmová, Kateřina (referee)
This paper focuses on the topic of low-threshold centers for drug users in the context of NIMBY attitudes, which refers to the resistance of local communities to the placement of these centers in their neighborhoods. Prague is currently struggling with a lack of these services, which despite the urgency of the situation, remains unresolved. This paper seeks to understand the relations between NIMBY attitudes and such centers and the impact these attitudes have. It also reveals other factors that influence their operations. Finally, the paper defines the main issues of these centers and proposes possible solutions. These goals were achieved through a multiple-case study of the Drop In and Progressive centers, which involved interviews with their managers. Media research was conducted to gain insight into the situation from other parties involved. It was found that the Drop In center does not face any disturbances, while the other was closed due to disturbances by its residents that reached the political level. The main factor causing troubles was the volume of clients in the area, which disrupted peace and safety. The large volume of clients is caused by a lack of such centers and other addiction services in Prague. If the load was spread across more locations, services and their clients would not...
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Suicides at an all-time high in covid 19 pandemic ridden and post pandemic India
Gupta, Jayesh ; Kasal, Alexandr (advisor) ; Nekola, Martin (referee)
The entire globalized world became victims of the covid 19 pandemic, however, a number of other significant social problems like suicides got impacted by it and the lockdown. The suicide rate and annual number of suicides were already at a rising trend prior to the pandemic and reached an all-time high during the covid 19 pandemic in 2020. Emile Durkheim in his book on suicide called Le suicide identifies 4 types of suicides, they were also occurring in India mainly due to the covid 19 lockdown and its impacts and caused a significant damage along with mismanagement of the pandemic and bad government policies. The large-scale internal migration of helpless migrant workers due to the lockdown and the government's failure in arranging a solution for them to travel back to home is evident to the bad government planning and the mismanagement of the covid 19 pandemic, resulting in a number of suicides by migrant workers, daily wage earners, alcoholics suffering from withdrawals. While many Indians stepped up to volunteer and help the people affected by lockdown and suicidal tendencies, the major donations went to the government which failed to reach the ones that needed it.
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The use of smart drugs by college students
Schoberová, Tereza ; Nekola, Martin (advisor) ; Bryndová, Lucie (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on the use of smart drugs by university students. This phenomenon is becoming more popular in society, but it has not been properly researched and debated in the Czech Republic. The aim of this thesis is to describe experiences of smart drug use among selected university students in the Czech Republic and to understand their motivations for using them. The first part of the thesis, the theoretical part, describes what smart drugs are, what their prevalence is and how their use can be viewed through moral and social behavioural perspectives. The theoretical part also discusses how the use can be viewed as a social problem or a solution to social problems. In the second part of the thesis, the methodological part, the aims of the thesis, the research questions, the chosen research methods and the ethical aspects of the research are presented. The last part of the thesis, the analytical part, is devoted to the analysis of the collected data. The data was obtained through qualitative research conducted in the form of semi-structured interviews with nine students of Czech universities and analysed using open, axial and selective coding. The analysis of the interviews shows that the academic environment creates pressure on students, which students try to resist by using smart...
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Implementation Barriers and Facilitators in Suicide Prevention Interventions: Implementation Analysis Optics
Kasal, Alexandr ; Nekola, Martin (advisor) ; Dragomirecká, Eva (referee) ; Čermáková, Pavla (referee)
Introduction: This dissertation addresses the issue of implementation barriers and facilitators of suicide prevention measures in the context of the field of public and social policy. Implementation barriers and facilitators can be identified across the whole implementation process. This paper seeks to identify them in published scientific studies and contextualize them for the Czech environment through expert group interview. The thesis uses two theoretical frameworks, the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and the Conceptual Framework for Implementation Analysis (CFIA). The thesis simultaneously questions the suitability of these frameworks to achieve the aforementioned objectives and the possibility of synthesising these frameworks. Methods: Systematic literature review and group expert interview were conducted. The thesis applies the frameworks mentioned above to structure the results, with the CFIA serving as a supporting framework to categorize the results of the group expert interview that could not be assigned to the CFIR framework. Results: 63 relevant studies containing 239 implementation barriers and 405 implementation facilitators were identified through a systematic review. These were unevenly distributed across CFIR domains and constructs. In total, thirteen...
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A Common Legacy, Divergent Paths: Understanding the Transformation of Post-Yugoslav Welfare States
Jusić, Mirna ; Nekola, Martin (advisor) ; Pickering, Paula M. (referee) ; Wildmannová, Mirka (referee)
Four countries that had once been embedded in a common welfare state, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, have espoused different paths of institutional welfare transformation following Yugoslavia's dissolution. The author's PhD dissertation aims to understand the nature of the changes that have occurred in two welfare sectors (employment policy and family policy) in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, North Macedonia and Serbia, over the last two decades, by looking at changes in the characteristics of welfare programs and their implications on the capabilities of beneficiaries, as well as the levels of stratification they yield within these societies. Moreover, its other aim is to understand why such differences in welfare transformation came about. To that end, the dissertation applies Kingdon's Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) to identify important conditions that have contributed to streams converging and the opening of policy windows that resulted in agenda change.
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