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Acute kidney injury in sepsis: phatophysiological and therapeutical aspects
Chvojka, Jiří ; Matějovič, Martin (advisor) ; Kasal, Eduard (referee) ; Maňák, Jan (referee) ; Balík, Martin (referee)
Sepsis and septic shock remain major cause of mortality in non-coronary intenisve care units. Prognosis of septic patiens worsens further in case of concomitant acute kidney injury. Pathophysiological pathways leading to renal dysfunction in sepsis remain unclear despite of enormous experimental and clinical research. Similarly, the role of extracorporeal blood purification techniques as an adjunctive treatment in sepsis is highly controversial. The aim of our study was to dynamically assess renal haemodynamic, microvascular and metabolic responses in a porcine clinically relevant model of septic shock. The same experimental model was used in experiments elucidating potential benefit effects of two distinct haemopurification methods on different biological responses to infectious insult.
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Disturbances of effective osmolality in acute brain diseases
Špatenková, Věra ; Kazda, Antonín (advisor) ; Maňák, Jan (referee) ; Jabor, Antonín (referee)
Dysbalances of effective osmolality arc some of the most frequent and serious complications in neurointensive care. Their severity lies in brain oedema in hyponatraemia and dehydration of the brain in hypernatraemia. Due to the seriousness of dysnatraemia in acute brain diseases, timely and accurate diagnosis is necessary. Nowadays this is easily achieved through measuring and calculating renal function parameters. The aims of this study were 1) evaluation of hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia in acute brain diseases after establishing these renal parameters into clinical practice in our NNICU and 2) determining the significance ofNT-proBNP in differential diagnostics of hyponatraemia. Over a ten-year period, in a retrospective (1.1.1996 - 31.12.2000) and a prospective study (1.1.2001 - 31.12.2005) we evaluated all patients hospitalised in our NNICU with acute brain diseases, who had scrum sodium below 135 mmol/1 (collection hyponatraemia) or above 150 mmol/1 (collection hypernatraemia). The prospective part took place according to standard protocol for diagnosing hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia in the NNICU, which includes the measuring and calculating of renal function parameters. In the prospective study, assesment of NT-proBNP was carricd out on 40 patients with hyponatraemia. The control group consisted...
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Hemo elimination method in the treatment of sepsis and early multi-organ dysfunction
Sýkora, Roman ; Matějovič, Martin (advisor) ; Chytra, Ivan (referee) ; Maňák, Jan (referee) ; Šrámek, Vladimír (referee)
The most common cause of death in patients with sepsis/septic shock is deterioration of the function of multiple organs, termed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Although our understanding of mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of sepsis-induced tissue damage has improved substantially, therapy of these syndromes still remains largely supportive. The hallmark of sepsis is an overwhelming systemic production of both pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators leading to generalized endothelial and epithelial damage, microcirculatory-mitochondrial distress, altered endocrine and coagulation homeostasis and cellular immune hyporesponsiveness. Therefore, the hypothesis that modulation of this excessive immunological and biological response to infection might improve patient outcome appears reasonable. Hemoelimination techniques represent biologically plausible way to provide non-specific removal of soluble pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, although the concept of blood purification in sepsis remains a matter of considerable debate. The aim of this thesis was to elucidate effects of 1) high volume hemofiltration (HVHF) and 2) coupled plasma filtration adsorption (CPFA) in a long-term, hyperdynamic porcine septic shock model, which fulfils the criteria for human sepsis. We hypothesized that both HVHF and...
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Optimization of Working Mass Composition for Dense Silica Bricks Production.
Maňák, Jan ; Lang,, Karel (referee) ; Nevřivová, Lenka (advisor)
A silica bricks is a refractory material which is used mainly in coke industry, glass industry and metallurgy. This material constitute of the quartz modifications. Compact silica is an irreplaceable part of the coke battery and its compactness and robustness is important for quality and long endurance. Very important for large compactness is a grain curve of work matter. This thesis deals with influence of different grain of work matter.
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Testing of binders of thermal insulations for specific applications on technical appliances
Maňák, Jan ; Kulísek, Karel (referee) ; Petránek, Vít (advisor)
This work focus on testing alcali-activated binders for thermal insulation which could be used for special industry devices. In the beginning of this work is presented example of thermal energy storage where these specific alcali-activated materials can be used. Ensuingly two construction with thermal energy storage tanks are mentioned. Most of the interest aims on ageing and rheological properties of alcali-activated binder. Some rheological methods are also discussed. In the end of this work is added practical experience.
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Mineralizers Using in the Silica Materials Production Process
Maňák, Jan ; Sokolář, Radomír (referee) ; Nevřivová, Lenka (advisor)
Silica bricks is a refractory material whitch is used mainly in glass furnaces, coke oven bateries and hot blast stoves. Silica bricks constitute of the crystalline phases cristobalite, tridymite, glass phase and unconverted quartz. Content of these phases influences eventual properteis of silica bricks. This thesis deals with influence of the different kind of mineralizers, method of homogenization and length of firing on the content of these phases and eventual properties of silica bricks.
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Výzkum‚ vývoj a implementace nových měřících metod pro hodnocení znečištění ovzduší a využití v rámci legislativy ES
Ústav informatiky AV ČR ; EKOAIR, Praha ; Univerzita Karlova v Praze‚ Přírodovědecká fakulta‚ Ústav pro životní prostředí ; Český hydrometeorologický ústav, Ústí nad Labem ; Český hydrometeorologický ústav, Praha ; Škáchová, Hana ; Rozložník, Miroslav ; Pelikán, Emil ; Juruš, Pavel ; Eben, Kryštof ; Maňák, Jan ; Keder, Josef ; Bubník, Jiří ; Pokorný, Radek ; Plachá, Helena ; Chalupníčková, Eva ; Hůnová, Iva ; Brůna, Miloš ; Brožová, Irena ; Běláková, Šárka ; Abraham, Jan ; Novák, Jiří ; Macoun, Jan
Projekt byl zaměřen na měření polutantů pomocí pasivních samplerů a modelování rozptylu "nových znečišťujících látek" zejména v městských aglomeracích. Podkladové materiály obsahují závěrečné zprávy za jednotlivé dílčí projekty. DP 1 - Vývoj a aplikace nových měřicích metod. DP 2 - Inovace a doplnění souboru modelů pro rozptylové studie dle direktiv EU a zákona, DP 3 - Vývoj a aplikace Eulerovského modelu.
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