|
|
The role of nutritional therapist in education of patients with type 2 diabetes
Erban, David ; Škrha, Jan (advisor) ; Krátký, Jan (referee)
Aim of thesis: The research aimed to evaluate the importance of individual education by a clinical dietitian and compare it to information brochures only. Methods: 52 patients with type 2 diabetes from the Third Department of Internal Medicine of the General Hospital in Prague were selected for the research. Totally, 48 of them finished the research. These patients were divided into two groups. Group A was educated individually by a clinical dietitian. This group consisted of 27 patients, of which 13 were men and 14 were women. Group B was educated using a brochure only. This group consisted of 21 patients, of which 11 were men and 10 were women. Both groups were given the questionnaire before the education and then 4 months after the education. Additionally, glycated haemoglobin was measured in patients before the education and then 4 months after the education, during the next visit to their diabetologist. Results: In both groups, some improvement was observed after the education. Either in knowledge or their levels of glycated haemoglobin. In group A, the education had better cognitive results in all questions of the questionnaire except for one. Levels of glycated haemoglobin decreased by 9,4 in men and by 4,8 mmol/mol in women in group A. In group B, education did not affect the knowledge of...
|
|
|
How does the fluid intake affect the gastrointestinal absorbtion of levothyroxine.
Kročová, Radka ; Krátký, Jan (advisor) ; Hána, Václav (referee)
Thyroid diseases belong among the most common endocrinopathies, and, therefore, thyroid hormones are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in the Czech Republic, as well as in the world. Even though untreated thyropathies may cause several health complications for the patients, poorly administered treatment can also hurt the health of the individual. Several factors make the treatment difficult. A type of fluid used to ingest the drug belongs among such factors, and it represents the focus of this Master thesis. As is indicated by its title, the thesis focuses explicitly on the gastrointestinal absorption of levothyroxine after being ingested with water, black tea or cow's milk. The thesis was aimed at determining whether and to what extent, if any, the fluids may influence the gastrointestinal absorption of the drug. Based on this premise, research was conducted with six test subjects who underwent a relatively challenging absorption test with four blood samples taken over six hours. The data set (altogether 56 samples taken from all test subjects) had revealed that the gastrointestinal absorption of levothyroxine reached its maximum values when the drug was ingested with water. The other test fluids impair the bioavailability of L-thyroxine, and patients should wait to indulge in them at least...
|
|
|
Thyroid autoimmunity and thyroid nodule elasticity - relation to thyroid nodule biological nature.
Krátký, Jan ; Jiskra, Jan (advisor) ; Gabalec, Filip (referee) ; Smutek, Daniel (referee)
Thyroid nodules represent a very common pathology. Using modern high-resolution ultrasound, nodules could be found in up to 68 % of patients. The most important task is the diagnosis of thyroid cancer which represents only about 5-15 % of nodules, however the incidence is still growing. Even with the use of a fine needle aspiration biopsy, it is not always possible to decide on the biological nature of the nodule. A significant proportion of such patients have to undergo thyroid surgery for diagnostic reason. Thyroid surgery is associated with risks to the patient and financial costs to the health-care system. In recent decades, the efforts to improve non-invasive diagnostics of thyroid nodules have been made. The thyroid elastography and thyroid autoimmunity are among the examined risk parameters. Using real-time strain elastography, thyroid carcinomas elasticity has been significantly reduced compared to benign thyroid nodules in our group of patients. The elastography of thyroid nodules can be used as a suitable complement to conventional sonographic examination. In our work, the combination of both methods (conventional ultrasound and elastography) increased the negative predictive value compared to both methods individually. The results of our work further indicate that, in case of absence of...
|
|
|
Relationship of body composition to endocrine orbitopathy
Nová, Veronika ; Hána, Václav (advisor) ; Krátký, Jan (referee)
In the theoretical part I briefly introduce the reader to the current state of given topic and describe the function of thyroid gland, how much important it is for our organism and also the possible influence of nutrition on this organ. The next chapters discuss endocrine orbitopathy. Endocrine orbitopathy is a chronic ocular disease, which is frequent in patients with Graves - Basedow disease. I focus not only on the epidemiology and causes of the disease, but also on assessing the severity and treatment of endocrine orbitopathy. The practical part focuses on eating habits and lifestyle of patients with endocrine orbitopathy and assesses the possible effect of body composition on endocrine orbitopathy. At the same time, 4 hypotheses were established. The first hypothesis assumed that higher % body fat and higher BMI may influence the course of endocrine orbitopathy. The second, that nicotine-dependent patients with endocrine orbitopathy predominate over individuals who do not use this addictive substance. In the third hypothesis, I assumed that patients with endocrine orbitopathy would have another associated civilization diseases. And the last, the fourth hypothesis compared the effect of fish consumption on the level of selenium in the blood. To collect data, I used questionnaires inquiring...
|
|
| |
guest ::
