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Determination of genetic markers for kidney complications of diabetes mellitus.
Vedralová, Marcela ; Kotrbová - Kozak, Anna Katarzyna (advisor) ; Kalousová, Marta (referee)
In this work we chose to study genes whose protein products significantly affect calcium- phosphate metabolism in kidneys and are hypothesized to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes as well as kidney damage. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) belongs to a large family of nuclear receptors and transcription factors. VDR is expressed in many cells in different tissues and activation of this receptor by its ligand 1,25 - dihydroxyvitamin D3 affects expression of many genes. Using restriction endonucleases Bsm I, Fok I, Taq I and Apa I, there were identified polymorphic sites in VDR gene that were found to be associated with certain chronic diseases, like type 1 and type 2 diabetes and lung carcinoma. Parathyreoid hormone is one of the most important regulators of calcium and phosphate metabolism. Allelic polymorphism of PTH gene involves B/b and D/d alleles that can participate in pathogenesis of kidney complications as well. Aims: We aimed to determine whether there is a difference in frequency of certain combinations of VDR and PTH genotypes between group of diabetic patients with kidney complications and diabetic patients without kidney complications. We also assessed influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms at VDR gene mRNA expression. Methods: DNA was isolated by salt-extraction method and...
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Regulation of gene expression of HSP70 genes and its dependence on the genotype of HSP70 genes.
Ambrož, Antonín ; Novota, Peter (advisor) ; Kotrbová - Kozak, Anna Katarzyna (referee)
The topic of the presented thesis is the regulation of gene expression level of the three HSP70 genes in mononuclear cells. We investigated the dependence of expression regulation (induction) abiliy on selected point mutations, so-called SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism) in the observed genes. The mononuclear cells were obtained from peripheral blood samples of healthy individuals. In order to analyze their gene expression, we selected individuals who were homozygous for at least one of the monitored point mutations. Taking into account the chosen criteria for healthy individuals we based on interviews with these individuals and their personal history. We determined the polymorphisms observed in two cell stress-inducible HSP70-1 (HSPA1A) and HSP70-2 (HSPA1B) genes and in one constitutively expressed gene HSP70-Hom (HSPA1L). Further, we have analyzed HSP70s gene expression regulation and the relation between the expression regulation and studied polymorphisms. We determined the degree of regulation of a gene expression in the studied genes in relation to two SNPs -110A/C (rs1008438), +190G /C (rs1043618) gene HSP70-1, and two SNPs +1267A/G (rs1061581), +2074G /C (rs539689 ) of the HSP70-2 gene, and the mutation of one five-nucleotide (rs9281590) HSP70-2 gene, and one SNP +2437T/C (rs2227956) of...
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Epigenetic regulation of HLA class II genes and their role in autoimmune diseases.
Čepek, Pavel ; Kotrbová - Kozak, Anna Katarzyna (advisor) ; Horníková, Lenka (referee)
Abstract Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease. Its incidence in Europe is continuously rising. The highest T1D risk is associated with HLA (human leukocyte antigen) class II genes. HLA class II molecules play a key role in regulation of immune response. They contribute to the selection of T cell repertoire by presenting antigenic peptides to the CD4+ T lymphocytes. HLA class II expression is controlled by regulatory module that is situated 150 - 300 base pairs upstream of the transcription- initiation site in all HLA class II genes. Polymorphisms in this region are linked to some autoimmune diseases. There were identified several promoter alleles (named QAP) in the HLA DQA1 gene promoter region. Most of the polymorphisms appear to be conserved within haplotype. Individual QAP alleles may have a different promoter strength by which they influence expression of HLA DQA1 gene alleles. Promoter strength can be modulated by DNA methylation. Aims:Our aim was to define methylation profile of HLA DQA1 promoters and determine the mRNA expression of individual alleles of HLA DQA1 gene in T1D patients. The mRNA expression level of HLA DQA1 gene alleles was determined using quantitative PCR. Methods: 30 diabetic pacients (age range 21 to 76 years), were included in this pilot...
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